Fig. 1.

Two common age-related pathologies contribute to clinical dementia diagnosis. The orange circle symbolises cognitive impairment, including dementia, in terms of clinical diagnoses. The two rectangles symbolize the overlap of hypothesized contributions from two major pathological contributions to these clinical diagnoses. Vascular disease pathology is shown in blue with dashed outline, Alzheimer's disease pathology (β-amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary tangles) in yellow, dotted outline. The size of the shapes and relative overlaps are indicative rather than quantitative. Nevertheless, for most cognitive impairment seen in older adults, the individual patient would lie within the “Vascular” rectangle (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.).