Table 4.
Regression Models Showing Relationship Between Independent Variables COVID‐19 Cases and Deaths per 100,000 on March 1, 2021
| Independent Variables | Cases | Deaths | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter Estimate | 95% Confidence Interval | Standardized Beta | Parameter Estimate | 95% Confidence Interval | Standardized Beta | |
| All Counties (N = 3,112) | ||||||
| Percent voting for Trump | 7,526* | 6,695 to 8,357 | 0.517 | 3.0 | −23.1 to 29.1 | 0.007 |
| Percent employed in high‐risk industries | 3,085* | 1,331 to 4,838 | 0.073 | −165.8 | −220.9 to −110.8 | −0.136 |
| Percent in poverty | 6,792* | 4,746 to 8,838 | 0.147 | 185.0* | 120.8 to 249.3 | 0.139 |
| Percent non‐Hispanic White | ‐3,047* | −3,840 to −2,254 | −0.266 | −30.4* | −55.3 to −5.5 | −0.092 |
| Percent Hispanic | 3,541* | 2,791 ‐ 4,290 | 0.237 | 15.8 | −7.8 to 39.3 | 0.037 |
| Percent of persons 25 years and older with college degree | 379 | ‐837 ‐ 1,595 | 0.016 | −201.2* | −239.4 to −163.0 | −0.297 |
| Rural/Urban continuum category | ||||||
| 2 | −670* | −882 to −458 | −0.110 | −10.4* | −17.1 to −3.8 | −0.059 |
| 3 | −468* | −775 to −160 | −0.054 | 2.4 | −7.2 to 12.1 | 0.010 |
| 4 | −953* | −1,379 to −527 | −0.076 | 4.1 | −9.3 to 17.4 | 0.011 |
| 5 | −755* | −1,386 to −124 | −0.037 | 1.4 | −18.3 to 21.3 | 0.003 |
| 6 | −969* | −1,399 to −539 | −0.080 | 23.6 | 10.0 to 37.1 | 0.067 |
| 7 | −804* | −1,337 to −270 | −0.049 | 17.9 | 1.1 to 34.7 | 0.038 |
| 8 | −1,586* | −2,538 to −635 | −0.051 | 3.6 | −26.3 to 33.5 | 0.004 |
| 9 | −1,272* | −2,160 to −385 | −0.044 | 15.1 | −12.8 to 42.9 | 0.018 |
| Intercept | 4,189* | 3,087 to 5,292 | 0.000 | 270.7* | 236.1 to 305.3 | 0.000 |
| F‐value | 94.2* | – | 44.5* | – | ||
| Adjusted R 2 | .296* | – | .164* | – | ||
| Metro Counties (N = 1,162) | ||||||
| Percent voting for Trump | 7,030* | 5,690 to 8,370 | 0.457 | −45.1 | −86.0 to −4.2 | −0.106 |
| Percent employed in high‐risk industries | 461 | −2,433 ‐ 3,356 | 0.010 | −260.5* | −348.8 to −172.1 | −0.206 |
| Percent in poverty | 8,507* | 5,101 to 11,914 | 0.184 | 202.9* | 98.9 to 306.8 | 0.159 |
| Percent non‐Hispanic White | −1,642* | −2,919 to −365 | −0.144 | 38.7 | −0.2 to 77.7 | 0.124 |
| Percent Hispanic | 4,653* | 3,473 to 5,833 | 0.328 | 61.1* | 25.1 to 97.1 | 0.156 |
| Percent of persons 25 years and older with college degree | 295 | −1,604 to 2,194 | 0.012 | −218.5* | −276.5 to −160.5 | −0.331 |
| Rural/Urban continuum category | ||||||
| 2 | −651* | −960 to −342 | −0.117 | −8.2 | −17.7 to 1.2 | −0.054 |
| 3 | −412 | −862 to 38 | −0.053 | 6.7 | −7.0 to 20.5 | 0.031 |
| Intercept | 0.042* | 2,461 to 5,984 | 0.000 | 0.003* | 230.1 to 337.6 | 0.000 |
| F‐value | 67.5* | – | 28.0* | – | ||
| Adjusted R 2 | .314* | – | .157* | – | ||
| Nonmetro Counties (N = 1,950) | ||||||
| Percent voting for Trump | 9,956* | 8,760 to 11,151 | 0.452 | 139.1* | 100.1 to 178.1 | 0.195 |
| Percent employed in high‐risk industries | 10,185* | 8,069 to 12,300 | 0.185 | 89.9 | 20.9 to 159.0 | 0.050 |
| Percent in poverty | −1,589 | −4,080 to 901 | −0.032 | −12.7 | −94.0 to 68.6 | −0.008 |
| Percent non‐Hispanic White | −8,443* | −9,552 to −7,333 | −0.525 | −240.6* | −276.8 to −204.4 | −0.462 |
| Percent Hispanic | −2,442* | −3,704 to −1,179 | −0.102 | −111.2* | −152.4 to −70.0 | −0.143 |
| Percent of persons 25 years and older with college degree | −13 | −2,262 to 2,235 | −0.000 | −344.3* | −417.7 to −270.9 | −0.248 |
| Rural/Urban continuum category | ||||||
| 5 | 200 | −218 to 618 | 0.020 | −3.5 | −17.1 to 10.2 | −0.011 |
| 6 | −256 | −563 to 50 | −0.039 | 2.3 | −7.7 to 12.3 | 0.011 |
| 7 | 11 | −344 to 366 | 0.001 | 3.6 | −8.0 to 15.2 | 0.014 |
| 8 | −810* | −1,399 to −221 | −0.055 | −12.6 | −31.8 to 6.7 | −0.026 |
| 9 | −506 | −1,057 to 45 | −0.037 | −1.7 | −19.7 to 16.3 | −0.004 |
| Intercept | 4,540* | 2,895 to 6,186 | 0.000 | 304.1* | 250.4 to 357.8 | 0.000 |
| F‐value | 70.0* | – | 66.1* | – | ||
| Adjusted R 2 | .280* | – | .269* | – | ||
*
Statistically significant at the .01 level.