Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants underwent COVID‐19 test with and without heart failure before and after propensity score matching
| Variable | Before propensity score matching | After propensity score matching | SMD* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Without HF | With HF | Without HF | With HF | ||
| N | 195,811 | 14,923 | 41,150 | 14,080 | |
| Sex, male | 91,338 (46.65) | 7606 (50.97) | 20,788 (50.52) | 7179 (50.99) | 0.0041 |
| Age (years) | 0.0138 | ||||
| <60 | 138,336 (70.65) | 2424 (16.24) | 8279 (20.12) | 2421 (17.19) | |
| ≥60 | 57,475 (29.35) | 12,499 (83.76) | 32,871 (79.88) | 11,659 (82.81) | |
| Household income | −0.0312 | ||||
| T1, lowest | 65,558 (33.48) | 5931 (39.74) | 16,178 (39.31) | 5777 (41.03) | |
| T2 | 66,665 (34.05) | 3742 (25.08) | 10,780 (26.20) | 3606 (25.61) | |
| T3, highest | 63,588 (32.47) | 5250 (35.18) | 14,192 (34.49) | 4697 (33.36) | |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Hypertension | 50,628 (25.86) | 13,846 (92.78) | 37,068 (90.08) | 13,003 (92.35) | 0.0038 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 22,448 (11.46) | 6074 (40.70) | 15,173 (36.87) | 5761 (40.92) | 0.0022 |
| Stroke | 8673 (4.43) | 2765 (18.53) | 6404 (15.56) | 2621 (18.62) | −0.0042 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 3266 (1.67) | 3985 (26.70) | 3007 (7.31) | 3157 (22.42) | −0.0450 |
| Asthma | 11,869 (6.06) | 2590 (17.36) | 5342 (12.98) | 2433 (17.28) | −0.0034 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 13,698 (7.00) | 5485 (36.76) | 10,323 (25.09) | 4962 (35.24) | −0.0068 |
| Malignancy | 29,210 (14.92) | 4379 (29.34) | 12,044 (29.27) | 4177 (29.67) | 0.0082 |
| COVID‐19 | |||||
| Unadjusted | Ref | 0.55 [0.49‐0.61] | Ref | 0.85 [0.70‐0.97] | 0.013** |
| Sex and age adjusted | Ref | 0.60 [0.54‐0.68] | Ref | 0.85 [0.70‐0.96] | 0.011** |
| Fully adjusted | Ref | 0.82 [0.72‐0.93] | Ref | 0.91 [0.79‐1.04] | 0.146** |
Note: Data are presented as number with percentage.
Abbreviations: HF, heart failure; SMD, standard mean difference; T, tertile.
*
All standardized mean difference values were <0.1 in the propensity score matched cohort.
**
p value for odds ratio.