Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients with multiple organ dysfunction.
| Emergency (derivation) cohort | Inpatient (validation) cohort | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Survivor | Non-survivor | P | Total | Survivor | Non-survivor | P | |
| n = 110 | n = 75 | n = 35 | n = 115 | n = 88 | n = 27 | |||
| Age (years) | 64 (53, 73) | 63 (52, 72) | 65 (54, 73) | 0.672 | 56 (38, 66) | 53 (36, 65) | 62 (50, 73) | 0.054 |
| Male, n (%) | 74 (67.3%) | 51 (68.0%) | 23 (65.7%) | 0.813 | 75 (65.2%) | 59 (67.0%) | 16 (59.3%) | 0.459 |
| Laboratory | ||||||||
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.9) | 78.5 (55.5, 143.5) | 109.0 (57.0, 272.0) | 0.249 | 3.0 (0.9, 6.2) | 271.5 (79.3, 672.5) | 231.0 (80.0, 383.0) | 0.229 |
| LDH (U/L) | 297.0 (222.0, 595.0) | 286.0 (209.8, 594.0) | 419.0 (245.0, 626.0) | 0.283 | 244.0 (196.0, 363.0) | 237.0 (186.0, 360.0) | 327.5 (221.3, 1,091.5) | 0.080 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 68.7 (17.3, 185.8) | 78.2 (13.8, 190.3) | 39.5 (23.5, 178.3) | 0.642 | 16.8 (5.5, 78.7) | 13.5 (3.3, 73.6) | 53.0 (16.8, 92.8) | 0.063 |
| Platelet (×109/L) | 116.0 (54.3, 214.0) | 139.0 (78.0, 220.0) | 70.0 (46.0, 173.0) | 0.019 | 115.0 (72.5, 227.0) | 171.0 (104.0, 239.0) | 62.0 (32.0, 155.5) | <0.001 |
| INR | 1.2 (1.1, 1.6) | 1.2 (1.1, 1.4) | 1.4 (1.1, 1.9) | 0.013 | 1.1 (1.0, 1.4) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.9) | <0.001 |
| D-dimer (μg/mL) | 3.8 (1.9, 7.8) | 3.4 (1.5, 6.5) | 4.3 (2.3, 9.8) | 0.116 | 2.3 (1.0, 6.7) | 1.8 (0.5, 4.0) | 5.3 (2.5, 13.0) | <0.001 |
| Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 1.2 (0.6, 3.5) | 20.3 (8.6, 59.3) | 26.5 (11.1, 75.4) | 0.194 | 0.6 (0.3, 1.4) | 8.1 (4.6, 16.3) | 20.9 (11.0, 65.0) | <0.001 |
| Involved organs | ||||||||
| Cardiovascular dysfunction | 13 (11.8%) | 9 (12.0%) | 4 (11.4%) | 0.931 | 15 (13.0%) | 9 (10.2%) | 6 (22.2%) | 0.107 |
| Respiratory dysfunction | 51 (46.4%) | 30 (40.0%) | 21 (60.0%) | 0.051 | 41 (35.7%) | 27 (30.7%) | 14 (51.9%) | 0.045 |
| Renal dysfunction | 42 (38.2%) | 25 (33.3%) | 17 (48.6%) | 0.127 | 79 (68.7%) | 60 (68.2%) | 19 (70.4%) | 0.831 |
| Hepatic dysfunction | 56 (50.9%) | 37 (49.3%) | 19 (54.3%) | 0.630 | 33 (28.7%) | 19 (21.6%) | 14 (51.9%) | 0.002 |
| Neurological dysfunction | 48 (43.6%) | 28 (37.3%) | 20 (57.1%) | 0.052 | 25 (21.7%) | 13 (14.8%) | 12 (44.4%) | 0.001 |
| Coagulation disorder | 66 (60.0%) | 41 (54.7%) | 25 (71.4%) | 0.096 | 52 (45.2%) | 33 (37.5%) | 19 (70.4%) | 0.003 |
| Chronic organ dysfunction | 58 (52.7%) | 37 (49.3%) | 21 (60.0%) | 0.227 | 78 (67.8%) | 58 (65.9%) | 20 (74.1%) | 0.429 |
| Causes of acute organ injury in patients with chronic organ dysfunction | ||||||||
| Acute exacerbation of chronic disease | 37 (63.8%) | 23 (30.7%) | 14 (40.0%) | 0.337 | 62 (79.5%) | 48 (54.5%) | 14 (51.9%) | 0.807 |
| Infection | 52 (89.7%) | 31 (41.3%) | 21 (60.0%) | 0.069 | 36 (46.2%) | 21 (23.9%) | 15 (55.6%) | 0.002 |
| Other | 19 (32.8%) | 12 (16.0%) | 7 (20.0%) | 0.607 | 33 (42.3%) | 29 (33.0%) | 4 (14.8%) | 0.070 |
| Causes of acute organ injury in patients without chronic organ dysfunction | ||||||||
| Infection | 45 (86.5%) | 32 (42.7%) | 13 (37.1%) | 0.585 | 35 (94.6%) | 25 (28.5%) | 10 (37.0%) | 0.996 |
| Malignancy | 9 (17.3%) | 6 (8.0%) | 3 (8.6%) | 0.919 | 6 (16.2%) | 2 (2.3%) | 4 (14.8%) | 0.011 |
| Activity of connective tissue disease | 7 (13.5%) | 5 (6.7%) | 2 (5.7%) | 0.850 | 5 (13.5%) | 5 (5.7%) | 0 | 0.207 |
| Metabolic disease (e.g., DKA) | 10 (19.2%) | 8 (10.7%) | 2 (5.7%) | 0.402 | 3 (8.1%) | 2 (2.3%) | 1 (3.7%) | 0.685 |
| Surgery/Trauma | 5 (9.6%) | 5 (6.7%) | 0 | 0.120 | 2 (5.4%) | 2 (2.3%) | 0 | 0.431 |
| Cardiovascular/Cerebrovascular events | 4 (7.7%) | 2 (2.7%) | 2 (5.7%) | 0.429 | 8 (21.6%) | 6 (6.8%) | 2 (7.4%) | 0.917 |
| Other | 15 (28.8%) | 10 (13.3%) | 5 (14.3%) | 0.893 | 9 (24.3%) | 9 (10.2%) | 0 | 0.085 |
| Sepsis, n (%) | 61 (55.5%) | 35 (46.7%) | 26 (74.3%) | 0.007 | 31 (27.0%) | 18 (20.5%) | 13 (48.1%) | 0.005 |
| Critical illness score | ||||||||
| SOFA | 6.0 (3.0, 8.0) | 4.0 (3.0, 7.0) | 8.0 (7.0, 10.0) | <0.001 | 6.0 (4.0, 9.0) | 5.0 (3.0, 8.0) | 8.5 (6.0, 12.0) | <0.001 |
| APACHE II | 16.0 (11.0, 21.0) | 14.0 (10.0, 18.0) | 20.0 (15.0, 25.0) | <0.001 | 14.0 (10.0, 20.0) | 13.5 (8.3, 17.0) | 19.0 (14.0, 23.0) | <0.001 |
| SAPS II | 43.0 (35.0, 54.0) | 39.0 (32.0, 47.0) | 55.0 (43.0, 65.0) | <0.001 | 37.0 (30.0, 43.0) | 33.5 (26.3, 40.5) | 44.0 (41.0, 59.0) | <0.001 |
| TNC | 229.4 (141.6, 472.5) | 197.5 (97.7, 343.8) | 467.0 (267.4, 786.3) | <0.001 | 210.2 (96.8, 469.6) | 202.6 (91.4, 324.9) | 584.4 (164.4, 902.6) | 0.002 |
TNC, tenascin-C; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; CRP, C-reactive protein; INR, International Normalized Ratio; DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; SAPS II, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II.