Table 1.
Study characteristics on mental health symptoms in COVID‐19 epidemic in Southeast Asia
| Characteristics | Total number of studies/samples † | Percent (%) | Level of analysis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 25/32 | 100 | |
| Design | Study | ||
| Cohort | 1 | 4.0 | |
| Cross‐sectional | 24 | 96.0 | |
| Publication status | Study | ||
| Preprint | 0 | 0.0 | |
| Published | 25 | 100.0 | |
| Quality | Study | ||
| >6 | 7 | 28.0 | |
| Between 5 and 6 | 18 | 72.0 | |
| <5 | 0 | ||
| Population | Study | ||
| Frontline HCW | 5 | 20.0 | |
| General HCW | 10 | 40.0 | |
| General population | 7 | 28.0 | |
| Student | 3 | 12.0 | |
| Outcome ‡ | Prevalence | ||
| Anxiety | 58 | 59.8 | |
| Depression | 39 | 40.2 | |
| Severity ‡ | Prevalence | ||
| Above mild | 41 | 42.3 | |
| Above moderate | 35 | 36.1 | |
| Severe | 20 | 20.6 | |
| Overall | 1 | 1.0 | |
| Country | Sample | ||
| Indonesia | 4 | 12.5 | |
| Malaysia | 12 | 37.5 | |
| Philippines | 1 | 3.1 | |
| Singapore | 9 | 28.1 | |
| Thailand | 2 | 6.3 | |
| Vietnam | 4 | 12.5 | |
| Median (mean) | Range | ||
| Sample size | 294 (636) | 22–4004 | Sample |
| Response rate | 77.7% (70.9%) | 17.4–100% | Sample |
| Female portion | 69.5% (68.3%) | 47.6–88.1% | Sample |
†
One study may include multiple independent samples. For example, Chew et al. (2020) studies the prevalence in the general population of Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Vietnam.
‡
The total samples of mental health outcomes are larger than the 32 independent samples because one sample can assess multiple mental health outcomes including anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Similarly, a study may report multiple levels of severity on each mental health outcome for each independent sample.