TABLE 1.
Descriptive statistics for matched, ever‐telecommuter, and pandemic samples
| Matched (N = 12,519) | Ever‐telecommuter (N = 405) | Pandemic (N = 83,676) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fathers | Mothers | Fathers | Mothers | Fathers | Mothers | |||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Childcare (min) | 57.02 | 72.22 | 90.20 | 87.72 | 65.03 | 78.78 | 99.71 | 91.88 | – | – | – | – |
| Housework (min) | 41.28 | 56.25 | 72.25 | 68.69 | 39.72 | 48.74 | 72.67 | 76.30 | – | – | – | – |
| Paid work (min) | 528.40 | 123.26 | 469.27 | 114.21 | 503.92 | 122.19 | 468.59 | 136.03 | – | – | – | – |
| Paid work last week (h) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 42.28 | 11.19 | 36.79 | 11.43 | |
| Family‐related part‐time work (prop.) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 0.01 | 0.10 | |||
| Child presence d. work (min) | 5.03 | 33.93 | 9.26 | 49.17 | 7.51 | 41.73 | 17.88 | 64.31 | – | – | – | – |
| Work spells | 2.57 | 1.24 | 2.44 | 1.16 | 2.77 | 2.07 | 2.71 | 1.89 | – | – | – | – |
| Weekly earnings ($) | 1458.4 | 745.30 | 913.39 | 620.94 | 1928.68 | 718.64 | 1440.39 | 774.23 | 7654 | 3957 | 7733 | 3806 |
| Age | 40.80 | 7.49 | 38.98 | 7.56 | 42.01 | 7.25 | 40.57 | 6.62 | 40.44 | 7.18 | 39.55 | 7.09 |
| Number of children | 2.00 | 0.90 | 1.82 | 0.84 | 1.94 | 1.00 | 1.83 | 0.90 | 2.09 | 1.02 | 2.00 | 0.96 |
| Age of youngest child | 6.76 | 5.18 | 7.85 | 5.12 | 7.16 | 5.60 | 7.49 | 4.95 | 7.41 | 5.38 | 8.39 | 5.38 |
| Usual weekly paid work hours | 46.87 | 9.62 | 40.18 | 9.43 | 45.70 | 8.85 | 41.45 | 10.30 | – | – | – | |
| N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Work location | ||||||||||||
| Workplace | 4753 | 76 | 5285 | 80 | 120 | 54 | 90 | 49 | – | – | – | – |
| Mixed | 1139 | 18 | 932 | 14 | 49 | 22 | 48 | 26 | – | – | – | – |
| Home | 356 | 6 | 376 | 6 | 52 | 24 | 46 | 25 | – | – | – | – |
| Pandemic telecommuting | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||||
| Workplace | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 30,939 | 73 | 27,914 | 68 |
| Home | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 11,472 | 27 | 13,351 | 32 |
| Education | ||||||||||||
| No college degree | 1990 | 32 | 2671 | 41 | 26 | 12 | 26 | 14 | 24,072 | 57 | 20,857 | 51 |
| College degree | 4258 | 68 | 3922 | 59 | 195 | 88 | 158 | 86 | 18,339 | 43 | 20,408 | 49 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| Black | 324 | 5 | 688 | 10 | 9 | 4 | 16 | 9 | 2973 | 7 | 4648 | 11 |
| Hispanic | 495 | 8 | 659 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 11 | 6 | 5545 | 13 | 4702 | 11 |
| Other | 5429 | 87 | 5246 | 80 | 202 | 91 | 157 | 85 | 33,893 | 80 | 31,915 | 77 |
| Couples' work arrangements | ||||||||||||
| Mother part‐, father full‐time | 3360 | 54 | 696 | 11 | 109 | 49 | 22 | 12 | 5374 | 13 | 5181 | 13 |
| Both full‐time | 2258 | 36 | 3241 | 49 | 91 | 41 | 105 | 57 | 19,492 | 46 | 20,400 | 49 |
| Other | 630 | 10 | 2656 | 40 | 21 | 10 | 57 | 31 | 17,545 | 41 | 15,684 | 38 |
| Spousal employment | ||||||||||||
| No spouse/partner | 516 | 8 | 1863 | 28 | 17 | 8 | 38 | 21 | 3802 | 9 | 11,336 | 27 |
| Spouse not full‐time | 3428 | 55 | 782 | 12 | 113 | 51 | 17 | 9 | 17,893 | 42 | 4389 | 11 |
| Spouse works full‐time | 2304 | 37 | 3948 | 60 | 91 | 41 | 129 | 70 | 20,716 | 49 | 25,540 | 62 |
Note: Data are from 2003–2018 American Time Use Survey (matched sample), 2017–2018 American Time Use Survey (ever‐telecommuter sample), and 2020 Current Population Survey (pandemic sample).