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. 2021 Oct 26;35(12):6963–6973. doi: 10.1002/ptr.7315

FIGURE 6.

FIGURE 6

SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein S1‐induced increased expression of phospho‐p65 (a), phospho‐IκBα (b) and NF‐κB p65 DNA binding (c) in PBMCs was inhibited in the presence of garcinoic acid (1.25, 2.5, and 5 μM), dexamethasone (100 nM) and BAY11‐7082 (1 μM). Cells were stimulated for 15 min, followed by in cell western analysis with anti‐phospho‐p65 and anti‐phospho‐IκBα antibodies. DNA binding was evaluated using NF‐κB transcription factor binding assay kit. (d) Effects of garcinoic acid (1.25, 2.5, and 5 μM), dexamethasone (100 nM) and BAY11‐7082 (1 μM) on NF‐κB‐driven luciferase activity in SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein S1‐stimulated PBMCs. Values are mean ± SEM for at least 3 independent experiments (### p < .001 unstimulated control versus SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein S1 stimulation. **p < .01; ***p < .001, treatments versus SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein S1 stimulation; one‐way ANOVA with post‐hoc Dunnett's multiple comparison test)