Table 1.
Patients data: demographic, comorbidity, clinical severity, treatment, analytical parameters, respiratory support and clinical outcomes
| Total (N = 171) | |
| Demographics | |
| Age, a year, median [1st, 3rd quartile] | 58 [50, 68] |
| Male sex, No. (%) | 99 (57.9) |
| Education, year, median [1st, 3rd quartile] | 11 [8, 16] |
| Level of education, No. (%) | |
| None | 2 (1.2) |
| Primary | 53 (31) |
| Secondary | 60 (35.1) |
| University | 56 (32.7) |
| Smoking, No. (%) | |
| Never | 118 (69) |
| Former | 43 (25.1) |
| Current | 10 (5.8) |
| Coexisting conditions, No. (%) | |
| Any | 94 (55) |
| Arterial hypertension | 55 (32.2) |
| Diabetes | 25 (14.6) |
| Dyslipidaemia | 47 (27.5) |
| Chronic heart disease | 8 (4.7) |
| Chronic renal disease b | 3 (1.8) |
| Chronic liver disease | 3 (1.8) |
| Chronic respiratory disease | 21 (12.3) |
| Cancer | 3 (1.8) |
| Previous medication use, No. (%) | |
| Antiplatelets | 6 (3.5) |
| Statins | 36 (21.1) |
| ACE inhibitor | 13 (7.6) |
| Angiotensin II‐receptor antagonist | 27 (15.8) |
| SpO2/FiO2 at admission, median [1st, 3rd quartile] | 452.4 [442.9, 461.9] |
| Radiological data at admission, No. (%) | |
| Lung infiltrates | 169 (98.8) |
| Bilateral infiltrates | 115 (67.3) |
| Analytical parameters | |
| Peak LDH, UI/L, median [1st, 3rd quartile] | 321 [258, 435] |
| Peak C‐reactive protein, mg/L, median [1st, 3rd quartile] | 95 [43.9, 169.1] |
| Nadir lymphocyte count, cells/ml, median [1st, 3rd quartile] | 900 [640, 1250] |
| Peak D‐dimer, ng/ml, median [1st, 3rd quartile] | 962 [498, 2102] |
| Treatment, No. (%) | |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 160 (93.6) |
| Azithromycin | 158 (92.4) |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir | 71 (41.5) |
| Interferon β | 24 (14) |
| Tocilizumab | 40 (23.4) |
| Baricitinib | 17 (9.9) |
| Corticosteroids | 61 (35.7) |
| Remdesivir | 0 (0) |
| Respiratory support, No. (%) c | |
| Room air | 86 (50.3) |
| O2 nasal cannula | 18 (11.5) |
| O2 venturi mask | 37 (21.6) |
| HFNC/CPAP/NIV | 8 (4.7) |
| MV | 21 (12.3) |
| Median length of MV, days [1st, 3rd quartile] | 13 [10, 30] |
| ECMO | 1 (0.6) |
| Outcomes and complications d | |
| Length of hospital stay, days, median [1st, 3rd quartile] | 12 [9, 18] |
| ICU admission, No. (%) e | 32 (18.7) |
| Length of ICU stay, days, median [1st, 3rd quartile] | 16.5 [11, 24] |
| Delirium, No. (%) | 8 (4.7) |
| Cerebrovascular event, No. (%) | 0 (0) |
| VTE, No. (%) | 17 (9.9) |
| Acute kidney injury, No. (%) f | 9 (5.3) |
| Acute liver injury, No (%) g | 56 (32.7) |
Note: Data are summarised as No. (%) or median [1st, 3rd quartile], as appropriate.
Abbreviation: ACE, angiotensin‐converting enzyme; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; HFNC/CPAP/NIV, high‐flow nasal cannula/continuous positive airway pressure/non‐invasive ventilation; ICU, intensive care unit; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; MV, mechanical ventilation; SpO2/FiO2, peripheral blood oxygen saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen; VTE, venous thromboembolic event.
Age at the time of battery administration 12 months after hospital discharge.
Stage ≥2.
Maximum respiratory support needed during hospital stay.
Complications were considered until the date of the interview administration.
Need for ICU admission at any time during hospitalisation.
At least twofold increase of baseline serum creatinine or ≥50% decrease in baseline glomerular filtration rate.
Elevation of alanine transaminase and/or aspartate transaminase enzymes > 2× the upper limit of normal.