TABLE 4.

Robustness tests: Regional heterogeneity

	m8: state fixed effects	m9: Western Germany	m10: Eastern Germany
Vote share mainstream parties	−0.0453*	−0.0766***	0.00735
	(0.0243)	(0.0218)	(0.0314)
Stringency C‐19 containment policies	0.0245***	0.0239***	0.0274***
	(0.00238)	(0.00254)	(0.00729)
C‐19 mortality rate	−0.0359**	−0.0932***	−0.00679
	(0.0144)	(0.0249)	(0.0204)
Population (ln)	0.651***	0.710***	1.065***
	(0.143)	(0.132)	(0.305)
Centrality of location	0.117	0.258*	0.586**
	(0.126)	(0.140)	(0.277)
Population density	0.000283*	0.000202	−3.37e‐05
	(0.000157)	(0.000140)	(0.000357)
Share workforce with univ. education	0.0892***	0.100***	0.134**
	(0.0263)	(0.0270)	(0.0678)
GDP per capita	0.00898	0.00903	0.0299
	(0.00612)	(0.00673)	(0.0306)
Constant	−8.560***	−7.262***	−19.12***
	(2.528)	(2.140)	(5.212)
Districts	401	324	77
Observations	4411	3564	847

Note: Standard errors clustered on districts in parentheses. ^*** statistically significant at 0.01, ^** 0.05, ^* 0.1 levels.