TABLE 3.
Characteristics of patients who did and did not return to their 2019 activity levels during the reopening phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic
| Did not return to previous activity level (n = 2633) | Returned to previous activity level (n = 819) | Total (N = 3453) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||
| Age (Years) a | 73.698 (12.791) | 69.291 (14.068) | 72.654 (13.237) | <.001 |
| Female sex | 1140 (43.5%) | 291 (35.7%) | 1431 (41.6%) | <.001 |
| Race/Ethnicity | .67 | |||
| Black or African American | 536 (20.4%) | 171 (21.0%) | 707 (20.6%) | |
| Hispanic or Latino | 53 (2.0%) | 12 (1.5%) | 65 (1.9%) | |
| White or Caucasian | 1961 (74.8%) | 605 (74.3%) | 2566 (74.7%) | |
| Other | 72 (2.7%) | 26 (3.2%) | 98 (2.9%) | |
| Employment status | .04 | |||
| Full time | 264 (13.0%) | 96 (17.0%) | 360 (13.8%) | |
| Part time | 47 (2.3%) | 14 (2.5%) | 61 (2.3%) | |
| Retired | 1727 (84.7%) | 454 (80.5%) | 2181 (83.8%) | |
| Device characteristics | ||||
| Device type | .13 | |||
| ICM | 132 (5.0%) | 46 (5.6%) | 178 (5.2%) | |
| Pacemaker | 1261 (47.9%) | 420 (51.3%) | 1681 (48.7%) | |
| ICD | 1261 (47.9%) | 420 (51.3%) | 1681 (48.7%) | |
| Device manufacturer | .07 | |||
| Boston scientific | 805 (30.6%) | 223 (27.2%) | 1028 (29.8%) | |
| Medtronic | 1828 (69.4%) | 596 (72.8%) | 2424 (70.2%) | |
| Time since implant (Years) a | 3.492 (1.923) | 3.462 (1.866) | 3.485 (1.910) | .98 |
| Lifestyle factors | ||||
| Body mass index (BMI) b | 29.845 (6.664) | 29.572 (6.250) | 29.781 (6.569) | .47 |
| Alcohol abuse c | 22 (0.8%) | 9 (1.1%) | 31 (0.9%) | .48 |
| Drug abuse c | 93 (3.6%) | 37 (4.6%) | 130 (3.8%) | .19 |
| Smoking status | .31 | |||
| Current | 184 (7.1%) | 66 (8.2%) | 250 (7.3%) | |
| Former | 1209 (46.5%) | 386 (48.1%) | 1595 (46.9%) | |
| Never | 1206 (46.4%) | 351 (43.7%) | 1557 (45.8%) | |
| Clinical comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 2445 (93.4%) | 748 (92.1%) | 3193 (93.1%) | .23 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 1719 (65.6%) | 538 (66.3%) | 2257 (65.8%) | .75 |
| Congestive heart failure | 1843 (70.4%) | 570 (70.2%) | 2413 (70.3%) | .93 |
| Coronary artery disease | 1787 (68.2%) | 557 (68.6%) | 2344 (68.3%) | .85 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1076 (41.1%) | 301 (37.1%) | 1377 (40.1%) | .04 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 502 (19.2%) | 150 (18.5%) | 652 (19.0%) | .66 |
| Stroke/TIA | 399 (15.2%) | 98 (12.1%) | 497 (14.5%) | .03 |
| Lipid disorders | 1882 (71.9%) | 574 (70.7%) | 2456 (71.6%) | .52 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1045 (39.9%) | 304 (37.4%) | 1349 (39.3%) | .21 |
| Valvular heart disease | 1790 (68.3%) | 533 (65.6%) | 2323 (67.7%) | .15 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 401 (15.3%) | 120 (14.8%) | 521 (15.2%) | .71 |
| COPD | 900 (34.4%) | 283 (34.9%) | 1183 (34.5%) | .79 |
| Atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter | 1961 (74.9%) | 599 (73.8%) | 2560 (74.6%) | .53 |
| Prior sudden cardiac arrest | 180 (6.9%) | 51 (6.3%) | 231 (6.7%) | .56 |
| Left ventricular assist device | 37 (1.4%) | 14 (1.7%) | 51 (1.5%) | .53 |
| Medications | ||||
| ACE‐inhibitor or ARB | 1965 (74.9%) | 625 (76.8%) | 2590 (75.4%) | .29 |
| Beta‐Blocker | 2321 (88.5%) | 731 (89.8%) | 3052 (88.8%) | .31 |
| Statin | 1956 (74.6%) | 591 (72.6%) | 2547 (74.1%) | .26 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 1381 (52.7%) | 409 (50.2%) | 1790 (52.1%) | .23 |
| Anti‐Arrhythmic | 1083 (41.3%) | 356 (43.7%) | 1439 (41.9%) | .22 |
| Anticoagulation | 2020 (77.0%) | 614 (75.4%) | 2634 (76.7%) | .34 |
| Antiplatelet agent/Aspirin | 2264 (86.3%) | 691 (84.9%) | 2955 (86.0%) | .29 |
| Antidepressant | 1079 (41.2%) | 342 (42.0%) | 1421 (41.4%) | .66 |
| Psychiatric comorbidities | ||||
| Major depressive disorder | 536 (20.5%) | 168 (20.7%) | 704 (20.5%) | .89 |
| Prior anxiety disorder d | 120 (4.6%) | 39 (4.8%) | 159 (4.6%) | .79 |
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD).
Alcohol and drug abuse diagnoses were obtained from the EHR.
Antidepressant medications include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors/serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors.
A composite variable was created for any prior diagnoses of anxiety disorders: generalized anxiety disorder, post‐traumatic stress disorder, acute stress disorder and panic disorder.