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. 2021 Nov 26;15:739917. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.739917

TABLE 2.

Relative values of neuro-metabolites and spectral quality measures for the 30 controls, and 30 hyperthyroid and 19 hyperthyroid patients at baseline and at follow-up in posterior parietal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC).

(Metabolites) Posterior parietal cortex (PP) Control
(n = 30)
(Mean ± SD)		 Hyperthyroidism
(n = 30)
(Mean ± SD)		 Hyperthyroidism (n = 19)
 p-value p-value CRLB
Pre-therapy
(Mean ± SD)		 Post-therapy
(Mean ± SD)
Gln/tCr 1.495 ± 0.33 1.354 ± 0.38 1.452 ± 0.399 1.107 ± 0.346 0.162 0.020b ≤20 %
Glu/tCr 1.156 ± 0.29 0.897 ± 0.21 0.940 ± 0.227 1.021 ± 0.177 0.001a 0.225 ≤20 %
GSH/tCr 0.257 ± 0.05 0.287 ± 0.074 0.278 ± 0.071 0.333 ± 0.087 0.033a 0.058b ≤20 %
mI/tCr 1.439 ± 0.27 1.364 ± 0.32 1.334 ± 0.262 1.193 ± 0.467 0.303 0.149 ≤11 %
NAA/tCr 1.431 ± 0.20 1.484 ± 0.20 1.480 ± 0.168 1.469 ± 0.202 0.077a 0.831 ≤10 %
GPC+PCh/tCr 0.283 ± 0.04 0.249 ± 0.03 0.258 ± 0.043 0.302 ± 0.038 0.004a 0.006b ≤8 %
NAA+NAAG/tCr 1.652 ± 0.16 1.664 ± 0.17 1.700 ± 0.194 1.762 ± 0.195 0.441 0.111 ≤5 %
Glu+Gln/tCr 2.585 ± 0.46 2.225 ± 0.45 2.356 ± 0.499 1.856 ± 0.477 0.011a 0.035b ≤12 %
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)
Gln/tCr 1.259 ± 0.235 1.171 ± 0.355 1.377 ± 0.404 1.324 ± 0.340 0.174 0.610 ≤20 %
Glu/tCr 0.930 ± 0.222 0.992 ± 0.251 0.985 ± 0.232 1.076 ± 0.198 0.124 0.155 ≤20 %
GSH/tCr 0.312 ± 0.058 0.303 ± 0.082 0.300 ± 0.074 0.329 ± 0.086 0.580 0.323 ≤20 %
mI/tCr 1.381 ± 0.260 1.311 ± 0.310 1.245 ± 0.249 1.211 ± 0.414 0.266 0.661 ≤10 %
NAA/tCr 1.346 ± 0.220 1.305 ± 0.242 1.323 ± 0.213 1.329 ± 0.255 0.973 0.914 ≤10 %
GPC+PCh/tCr 0.290 ± 0.047 0.249 ± 0.036 0.251 ± 0.033 0.309 ± 0.039 0.005a 0.001b ≤7 %
NAA+NAAG/tCr 1.519 ± 0.127 1.574 ± 0.176 1.553 ± 0.176 1.551 ± 0.187 0.028a 0.943 ≤5 %
Glu+Gln/tCr 2.138 ± 0.302 2.118 ± 0.444 2.299 ± 0.447 2.006 ± 0.520 0.730 0.037b ≤14 %
Spectral Quality Measures
Posterior parietal cortex (PP)
FWHM (in ppm) 0.059 ± 0.02 0.062 ± 0.02 0.063 ± 0.025 0.057 ± 0.02 0.48 0.52
SNR 12.13 ± 2.43 11.77 ± 1.19 12 ± 2.09 12.53 ± 2.48 0.52 0.36
GM 0.376 ± 0.11 0.416 ± 0.14 0.438 ± 0.15 0.377 ± 0.13 0.21 0.20
WM 0.598 ± 0.13 0.553 ± 0.17 0.531 ± 0.19 0.594 ± 0.15 0.21 0.25
CSF 0.031 ± 0.05 0.031 ± 0.04 0.033 ± 0.04 0.030 ± 0.02 0.5 0.81
DLPFC
FWHM (in ppm) 0.064 ± 0.02 0.065 ± 0.026  0.059 ± 0.027 0.069 ± 0.02 0.96 0.183
SNR 12.56 ± 1.95 12.41 ± 2.03 12.89 ± 2.07 11.79 ± 2.46 0.79 0.074
GM 0.385 ± 0.12 0.416 ± 0.14 0.394 ± 0.16 0.371 ± 0.13 0.37 0.61
WM 0.591 ± 0.13 0.553 ± 0.17 0.583 ± 0.20 0.595 ± 0.15 0.34 0.82
CSF 0.024 ± 0.02 0.031 ± 0.04 0.024 ± 0.04 0.030 ± 0.02 0.42 0.55

aIndicates p < 0.05 (Bonferroni correction for multiple comparison between control and hyperthyroid patients); bindicates p < 0.05 (paired t-test in hyperthyroid patients at baseline and at follow-up). SD, standard deviation; CRLB, Cramer-Rao lower bound; FWHM, full width at half maximum; SNR, signal to noise ratio; GM, gray matter; WM, white matter; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid.