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. 2021 Dec 6;21(23):8154. doi: 10.3390/s21238154
nZEB Nearly Zero Energy Building
HRES Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems
CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics
ANSYS Analysis of Systems
HOMER Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources
DNI Direct Normal Irradiation
IRENA International Renewable Energy Agency
IEA International Energy Agency
PV Photovoltaic
ZEBRA Zero Energy Building Research Alliance
UK United Kingdom
USA United States of America
EMS Energy Management System
MILP Mixed-Integer Linear Programming
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
AC Alternating Current
DC Direct Current
O&M Operation and Maintenance
RMS Root-Mean-Square
COE Cost of Energy
NPC Net Present Cost
BEM Blade Elemental Momentum
NACA National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
GAMBIT Geometry and Mesh Building Intelligent Tool
3D Three Dimensional
TKE Turbulent Kinetic Energy
PLA Poly-Lactic Acid
PVA Poly-Vinyl Alcohol
OPEC Organization of the Petroleum-Exporting Countries
CTANN Total Annual Cost
Els Energy Delivered to Load
EGrid Energy Delivered to Grid
CRF(i,N) Capital Recovery Factor
Ac , R Cross-Sectional Area of Turbine
i Interest Rate
ρ Density of Fluid
URel Resultant Velocity
U Velocity of Fluid
α Angle of Attack
λ Tip to Speed Ratio
ω Angular Speed
CQ Torque Coefficient
T Torque
Cp Power Coefficient
Gb TKE Due to Buoyancy
C1ε, C2ε Adjustable Constants
Gk TKE Due to Velocity Gradients of Fluid
Sk , Sε User-Defined Terms
η Efficiency
M Moment of Turbine
q Dynamic Pressure
αk, αε Inverse of the Effective Prandtl Numbers
YM Ratio of Compressible Turbulence Due to Fluctuating Dilatation to Overall Dissipation Rate