TABLE 2.
Mean physiological responses and perceived exertion.
| Measures | Intensity | No mask | Mask | Difference (95% CI) | Cohen’s d effect size | p-value |
| HR (bpm) | Baseline | 79.214.3 | 78.2 ± 12.6 | 1.0 (−5.2 to 7.2) | 0.07 | 0.73 |
| LIG | 102.811.2 | 107.1 ± 11.8 | −4.2 (−8.5 to 0.3) | 0.34 | 0.06 | |
| MOD | 144.814.1 | 146.7 ± 11.7 | −1.8 (−5.0 to 1.4) | 0.15 | 0.24 | |
| VIG | 171.89.4 | 171.6 ± 9.2 | 0.15 (−1.5 to 1.8) | 0.02 | 0.84 | |
| RPE (6–20) | Baseline | 6.60.9 | 6.4 ± 0.7 | 0.2 (−0.2 to 0.7) | 0.25 | 0.26 |
| LIG | 8.51.3 | 8.5 ± 1.6 | 0.0 (−0.7 to 0.7) | 0.00 | 0.93 | |
| MOD | 11.31.9 | 11.8 ± 2.1 | −0.5 (−1.5 to 0.4) | 0.25 | 0.18 | |
| VIG | 14.22.1 | 15.5 ± 1.5* | −1.3 (−2.2 to −0.4) | 0.71 | < 0.001* | |
| BLa (mmol/L) | Baseline | 1.30.4 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 0.0 (−0.3 to 0.4) | 0.00 | 0.84 |
| LIG | 1.40.7 | 1.5 ± 0.5 | −0.1 (−0.5 to 0.3) | 0.16 | 0.52 | |
| MOD | 2.20.8 | 2.3 ± 0.8 | −0.1 (−0.5 to 0.4) | 0.13 | 0.68 | |
| VIG | 5.41.7 | 5.2 ± 1.6 | 0.2 (−1.0 to 1.4) | 0.12 | 0.69 | |
| SpO2 (%) | Baseline | 98.20.9 | 97.9 ± 1.1 | 0.3 (−0.2 to 0.8) | 0.30 | 0.22 |
| LIG | 98.20.8 | 97.8 ± 1.1 | 0.4 (−0.5 to 1.3) | 0.41 | 0.36 | |
| MOD | 97.71.7 | 97.1 ± 1.3 | 0.6 (−0.4 to 1.6) | 0.40 | 0.19 | |
| VIG | 97.50.8 | 97.0 ± 1.4 | 0.5 (−0.3 to 1.2) | 0.44 | 0.19 |
LIG: light intensity (25%VO2max); MOD: moderate intensity (50%VO2max); VIG: vigorous intensity (75%VO2max). BLa, blood lactate concentration; RPE, rating of perceived exertion; SpO2, oxygen saturation level.
*p < 0.05. Significant difference compared to no mask.