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. 2021 Nov 26;12:717744. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.717744

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Copyright © 2021 Yong, Zhang, Huang, Yang, Zhu, Qian, Tian, Liu, Wu, Xu, Chen, Zhao, Gao and Zhou.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Luteolin alleviates Adriamycin (ADR)-induced renal injury and modulates AKT phosphorylation. (A) Effects of luteolin on the morphological changes of ADR-induced NRK-52E cells. Pretreated NRK-52E cells with FPAE (5 mg/ml) or luteolin (10 μM/L) for 1 h and then stimulated with ADR (2 μg/ml) for 24 h. Morphological changes of cells were observed by inverted phase-contrast microscopy (magnification ×100). (B) Effects of luteolin on cellular viability of ADR injury model. NRK-52E cells were exposed to the indicated concentrations of ADR with or without luteolin Cell viability was measured by the CCK-8 assay. Data are expressed as the percentages of living cells against the control (mean ± SD, n = 3; *p <0.05 versus ADR in Ctrl. **p <0.01 versus Ctrl) (C) Effects of luteolin on the phosphorylation of AKT in ADR-injured cells. NRK-52E cells were pretreated with luteolin for 1 h and then challenged with ADR for another 24 h. Cellular lysates were subjected to western blot analysis of AKT, phosphorylated AKT and B actin Statistical analysis of phosphorylated AKT is shown on the right (mean ± SD, n = 3; *p <0.05, **p <0.01) (D) Effects of luteolin on the expression of p53 and IL6 in ADR-injured cells. NRK-52E cells were pretreated with luteolin for 1 h and then incubated with ADR for another 6 h. Cellular lysates were subjected to western blot analysis of p53, phosphorylated p53, IL6 and β-actin. Statistical analysis of phosphorylated p53 and IL6 are shown on the right (mean ± SD, n = 3; *p <0.05).