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. 2021 Nov 26;8:750333. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.750333

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Copyright © 2021 Pizarro, Kossatz, González, Gamero, Veza, Fernández, Gabaldón, de la Torre and Robledo.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Alcohol intake and preference during intermittent access to alcohol (15% ethanol solution in water) in female and male mice treated with water (gray bars and round symbols), or synbiotic (blue bars, triangular symbols). (A) Female mice treated with water drank more alcohol (g/kg) during 24 h on day 10 with respect to day 1 (main effect of day, p < 0.05), while mice in the synbiotic group drank similar amounts of alcohol on both days. (B) Preference for alcohol in females increased on day 10 vs. 1 in both the water and the synbiotic groups (main effect of day, p < 0.01). (C) Male mice treated with water drank significantly more alcohol (g/kg) during 24 h on day 10 vs. day 1 (p < 0.05), while alcohol intake was significantly reduced on day 10 vs. day 1 in males treated with synbiotic (p < 0.05). In addition, on day 10 males drank less alcohol in the synbiotic vs. the water group (p < 0.01). (D) Preference for alcohol on day 10 was significantly increased vs. day 1 in the water group (p < 0.05), whereas the alcohol preference was reduced in the synbiotic group (p < 0.05). In addition, in males, synbiotic treatment increased preference for alcohol on day 1 with respect to water (p < 0.05). ^#p < 0.05; ^##p < 0.01 (main effect of day); *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 (LSD post-hoc test following significant interaction in two-way ANOVA).