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. 2021 Nov 26;8:750333. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.750333

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Copyright © 2021 Pizarro, Kossatz, González, Gamero, Veza, Fernández, Gabaldón, de la Torre and Robledo.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Alcohol intake and preference after alcohol deprivation in female and male mice treated with water (gray bars and round symbols), or synbiotic (blue bars and triangular symbols). Following repeated intermittent exposure to alcohol (15% ethanol solution in water), mice were deprived of alcohol for 7 days and subsequently tested in abstinence. Alcohol intake (% of day 10) and the alcohol preference ratio were quantified during the first 4 h of access. (A) For alcohol intake, no significant interaction or main effects were observed. However, females treated with water showed an increase in alcohol intake vs. day 10, but not those treated with synbiotic; and males treated with water also showed a slight increase in alcohol consumption, but this effect was similar in the synbiotic group. (B) Both females and males treated with water showed a preference for alcohol, but the preference ratio was significantly lower in males than in females. Both females and males treated with synbiotic showed less preference for alcohol than those treated with water. ^&&&p < 0.01 (main effect of sex); ^αααp < 0.01 (main effect of treatment) two-way ANOVA.