Table 3.
Incidence rate and hazard ratio of PD between with and without age-related macular degeneration stratified by sex, age, comorbidity, numbers of comorbidity, and medication
| Variable | Age-related Macular Degeneration | Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | |||||||
| Event | PY | IR | Event | PY | IR | |||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 115 | 28,927 | 3.98 | 191 | 29,623 | 6.45 | 1.62 (1.29–2.04)*** | 1.42 (1.13–1.80)** |
| Male | 160 | 28,240 | 5.67 | 242 | 29,385 | 8.24 | 1.45 (1.19–1.78)*** | 1.28 (1.05–1.57)* |
| Age, years | ||||||||
| 50–59 | 9 | 10,684 | 0.84 | 18 | 10,445 | 1.72 | 2.05 (0.92–4.56) | 1.31 (0.57–3.01) |
| 60–69 | 60 | 18,836 | 3.19 | 100 | 18,814 | 5.32 | 1.67 (1.21–2.30)** | 1.51 (1.09–2.09)* |
| 70–79 | 148 | 20,681 | 7.16 | 216 | 22,159 | 9.75 | 1.36 (1.10–1.68)** | 1.30 (1.05–1.60)* |
| 80–100 | 58 | 6967 | 8.32 | 99 | 7589 | 13.0 | 1.57 (1.14–2.17)** | 1.40 (1.01–1.95)* |
| Comorbidity | ||||||||
| Osteoporosis | 51 | 9755 | 5.23 | 131 | 13,631 | 9.61 | 1.82 (1.32–2.52)*** | 1.68 (1.22–2.33)** |
| Diabetes | 109 | 18,056 | 6.04 | 222 | 26,020 | 8.53 | 1.41 (1.12–1.78)** | 1.41 (1.12–1.78)** |
| Cirrhosis | 94 | 15,195 | 6.19 | 169 | 22,003 | 7.68 | 1.25 (0.97–1.60) | 1.20 (0.93–1.54) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 92 | 9742 | 9.44 | 159 | 13,324 | 11.93 | 1.27 (0.98–1.64) | 1.25 (0.96–1.62) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 18 | 1942 | 9.27 | 27 | 2904 | 9.30 | 1.02 (0.56–1.85) | 0.99 (0.54–1.81) |
| Hypertension | 206 | 33,161 | 6.21 | 357 | 40,520 | 8.81 | 1.41 (1.19–1.68)*** | 1.36 (1.15–1.62)*** |
| Hyperlipidemia | 86 | 15,963 | 5.39 | 156 | 22,973 | 6.79 | 1.27 (0.97–1.65) | 1.17 (0.90–1.52) |
| Coronary artery disease | 23 | 2596 | 8.86 | 36 | 3965 | 9.08 | 1.02 (0.60–1.71) | 1.01 (0.59–1.70) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 117 | 16,690 | 7.01 | 192 | 22,017 | 8.72 | 1.25 (0.99–1.57) | 1.19 (0.94–1.50) |
| Numbers of comorbidity | ||||||||
| 0 | 28 | 12,790 | 2.19 | 13 | 6184 | 2.10 | 0.95 (0.49–1.84) | 0.95 (0.49–1.85) |
| ≥ 1 | 247 | 44,378 | 5.57 | 420 | 52,823 | 7.95 | 1.43 (1.22–1.67)* | 1.40 (1.20–1.64)*** |
| Medication | ||||||||
| Statin | 208 | 44,636 | 4.66 | 332 | 44,596 | 7.44 | 1.60 (1.34–1.90)*** | 1.42 (1.19–1.69)*** |
| CCB | 207 | 42,835 | 4.83 | 329 | 44,916 | 7.32 | 1.52 (1.27–1.80)*** | 1.32 (1.11–1.58)** |
Abbreviations: aHR Adjusted Hazard Ratio estimated by the model including the variables of age-related macular degeneration, sex, age, osteoporosis, diabetes, cirrhosis, cerebrovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, statin, and CCB, CCB Calcium Channel Blocker, CI Confidence Interval, HR Hazard Ratio, IR Incidence Rate, per 1000 person-years, PY Person-Years
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001