Table 1.
Patient Characteristics in Full Cohort and among PR Initiators and Noninitiators or Late Initiators
| Patient Characteristics | Total | No PR/Late PR | PR within 90 Days of Discharge* | Absolute Standardized Differences (%) † |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | 197,376 (100) | 194,655 (98.5) | 2,721 (1.5) | — |
| Age, yr | 76.9 ± 7.6 | 77.0 ± 7.6 | 74.5 ± 6.1 | 35.92 |
| Sex, F | 115,690 (58.6) | 114,263 (58.7) | 1,427 (52.4) | 12.62 |
| Race/ethnicity | 24.37 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 168,114 (85.2) | 165,594 (85.1) | 2,520 (92.6) | — |
| Black | 16,885 (8.6) | 16,759 (8.6) | 126 (4.6) | — |
| Hispanic | 8,084 (4.1) | 8,038 (4.1) | 46 (1.7) | — |
| Other | 4,293 (2.2) | 4,264 (2.2) | 29 (1.1) | — |
| Frailty index indicator cut-off > 20% | 71,860 (36.4) | 71,377 (36.7) | 483 (17.8) | 43.50 |
| Distance to nearest PR, miles | 9.8 ± 14.8 | 9.8 ± 14.8 | 5.8 ± 6.4 | 34.99 |
| Dual eligibility (Medicaid buy-in) | 52,284 (26.5) | 51,980 (26.7) | 304 (11.2) | 40.44 |
| Current tobacco user | 46,517 (23.6) | 45,922 (23.6) | 595 (21.9) | 4.12 |
| Weighted Charlson Comorbidity Index | 4.2 ± 3.2 | 4.2 ± 3.2 | 3.5 ± 2.9 | 25.14 |
| Prior year all-cause admissions | 22.46 | |||
| No admits | 103,676 (52.5) | 101,992 (52.4) | 1,684 (61.9) | — |
| One admit | 45,646 (23.1) | 45,062 (23.1) | 584 (21.5) | — |
| Two or more admits | 48,054 (24.4) | 47,601 (24.5) | 453 (16.7) | — |
| Home oxygen use | 62,834 (31.8) | 61,761 (31.7) | 1,073 (39.4) | 16.15 |
| Characteristics of index hospitalization | ||||
| Principal diagnosis | 2.93 | |||
| Acute respiratory failure | 31,892 (16.2) | 31,423 (16.1) | 469 (17.2) | — |
| COPD | 165,484 (83.8) | 163,232 (83.9) | 2,252 (82.8) | — |
| Pneumonia as secondary diagnosis | 40,191 (20.4) | 39,705 (20.4) | 486 (17.9) | 6.45 |
| Noninvasive ventilation | 15,175 (7.7) | 14,960 (7.7) | 215 (7.9) | 0.81 |
| Invasive ventilation | 6,332 (3.2) | 6,248 (3.2) | 84 (3.1) | 0.7 |
| Admitted from SNF | 24,482 (12.4) | 24,341 (12.5) | 141 (5.2) | 26.01 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Diabetes | 63,684 (32.3) | 62,999 (32.4) | 685 (25.2) | 15.93 |
| Congestive heart failure | 62,430 (31.6) | 61,874 (31.8) | 556 (20.4) | 26.07 |
| Deficiency anemias | 36,408 (18.4) | 36,071 (18.5) | 337 (12.4) | 17.06 |
| Psychoses/depression | 36,354 (18.4) | 35,893 (18.4) | 461 (16.9) | 3.92 |
| Renal failure | 35,719 (18.1) | 35,387 (18.2) | 332 (12.2) | 16.71 |
| Hypothyroidism | 35,156 (17.8) | 34,724 (17.8) | 432 (15.9) | 7.41 |
| Obesity | 29,430 (14.9) | 29,003 (14.9) | 427 (15.7) | 2.2 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 25,786 (13.1) | 25,320 (13) | 466 (17.1) | 11.53 |
| Neurological disorders | 14,389 (7.3) | 14,261 (7.3) | 128 (4.7) | 11.04 |
| Weight loss | 8,763 (4.4) | 8,665 (4.5) | 98 (3.6) | 4.32 |
Definition of abbreviations: COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PR = pulmonary rehabilitation; SNF = skilled nursing facility.
Data are presented as n (%) or mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated.
*
PR within 3 months of discharge.
†
Standardized differences of >10% are considered meaningful.