Table 2.

Unadjusted Outcomes in the Full Cohort and Propensity-Matched Cohort

	Full Cohort*			Propensity-Score–Matched Cohort †
	No PR/ Late PR	PR within 90 Days of Discharge	P Value (Chi-square Test)	No PR/ Late PR	PR within 90 Days of Discharge	P Value (Conditional Regression)
n (%)	194,655 (98.5)	2,721 (1.5)	—	2,710 (50.0)	2,710 (50.0)	—
Any unplanned all-cause rehospitalizations/SNF/ED visits in 1 year after discharge	147,631 (75.8)	1,901 (69.9)	<0.001	1,730 (63.8)	1,732 (63.9)	0.95
Mortality 1 year after discharge	38,104 (19.6)	198 (7.3)	<0.001	382 (14.1)	198 (7.3)	<0.001
Number of days spent in the hospital per person-year	22.7 ± 34.3	11.5 ± 19.1	<0.001 ‡	11.7 ± 30.5	7.9 ± 18.9	<0.001
Number of days spent in nursing home per person-year	4.9 ± 17.0	2.0 ± 8.7	<0.001 ‡	2.9 ± 14.0	1.8 ± 7.8	0.0003
Number of days spent in ED per person-year	1.4 ± 2.9	1.1 ± 2.0	0.001 ‡	1.1 ± 2.3	1.0 ± 2.0	0.025
Average number of unplanned rehospitalizations	1.5 ± 1.9	1.2 ± 1.5	<0.001 ‡	1.2 ± 1.7	1.1 ± 1.6	0.02
Categories of number of unplanned rehospitalizations in 1 year after discharge			<0.001			0.091
No rehospitalizations during follow-up	68,935 (35.4)	1,187 (43.6)	—	1,333 (49.2)	1,368 (50.5)	—
One rehospitalization during follow-up	55,626 (28.6)	756 (27.8)	—	576 (21.3)	624 (23.0)	—
Two or more rehospitalizations during follow-up	70,094 (36.0)	778 (28.6)	—	801 (29.6)	718 (26.5)	—
Unplanned COPD rehospitalizations in 1 year after discharge	61,344 (31.5)	914 (33.6)	0.021	735 (27.1)	726 (26.8)	0.78

Definition of abbreviations: COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ED = emergency department; PR = pulmonary rehabilitation; SNF = skilled nursing facility.

Data are presented as n (%) or mean ± SD unless otherwise indicated.

^*Outcomes assessed from discharge until 1 year or PR start after 90 days or death.

^† Outcomes assessed from matched PR start day until 1 year after discharge or PR start after 90 days or death.

^‡ Kruskal-Wallis test.