Table 3.

The effect of exercise on VAS.

Group	Pre-exercise	Post-exercise	p (intergroup)	p (time)	p (interaction)
Non-SAD control	24.47 ± 8.02	24.47 ± 9.31	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
SAD control	41.72 ± 14.35ΔΔ	39.55 ± 11.49ΔΔ
SAD exercise	37.91 ± 13.19 ΔΔ	25.59 ± 9.36▴▴,**

^ΔΔp < 0.01, compared with the Non-SAD control group;

^▴▴p < 0.01, compared with the SAD control group;

^**p < 0.01, compared with pre-exercise.