Table 2.

Frequency of VEs^a by EFs^b.

Cognitive ability	VEs	Reference	Number of papers that studied the specific cognitive ability (n)
Inhibition (n=27)	Apartment	[50,57,73,74,81-83]	7
	Classroom	[29,43,45,50,53,54,60,65-67,70,78]	12
	Aquarium	[84]	1
	Laboratory	[77]	1
	Tent outdoors	[77]	1
	In a car	[69,72]	2
	Othersc	[42,44,46,58,62]	5
Working memory (n=21)	Laboratory	[51,77]	2
	Parking lot	[51]	1
	Market	[55,56,61,64,68,71,75,87]	8
	Classroom	[45,49,86]	3
	Tent outdoors	[77]	1
	Google Street View	[59]	1
	Aquarium	[48]	1
	Others	[42,52,58,62,80]	5
Shifting (n=9)	Apartment	[82,83]	2
	Market	[63,75]	2
	Classroom	[86]	1
	Kitchen	[47]	1
	Others	[46,58,62]	3
Decision making (n=3)	Classroom	[86]	1
	Market	[75]	1
	Others	[46]	1
Problem solving (n=1)	Others	[42]	1
Planning (n=10)	Parking lot	[51]	1
	Laboratory	[51]	1
	Market	[61,63,87]	3
	Apartment	[81]	1
	Kitchen	[47]	1
	Others	[42,46,62,76]	4
Updating (n=3)	Apartment	[82,83]	2
	Others	[42]	1
Attention (n=24)	Classroom	[43,45,49,53,54,60,65-67,78,86]	11
	Market	[61,63]	2
	Aquarium	[48,84]	2
	In a car	[69,72]	2
	Kitchen	[47]	1
	Laboratory	[77]	1
	Tent outdoors	[77]	1
	Apartment	[57]	1
	Middle-east village	[79]	1
	Others	[46,62,76]	3
Spatial (n=6)	Market	[55,56]	2
	Google Street View	[59]	1
	Others	[42,80,85]	3
Motor (n=6)	Parking lot	[51]	1
	Laboratory	[51]	1
	Apartment	[57,81]	2
	Middle-east village	[79]	1
	Others	[42,62]	2

^aVE: virtual environment.

^bEF: executive function.

^cOthers: does not use specific environments, uses multiple environments as a minigame with multiple scenarios, or uses a certain unrealistic environment that could not be experienced in real life.