Table 2.
Outcomes and assessments.
| Outcome measures | In-person assessment | Both | Remote assessment | ||||
| Primary | |||||||
|
|
Neuroplasticity | ||||||
|
|
|
TMS/iTBSa | —b | tACS/EEGc | |||
|
|
Cognitive function | ||||||
|
|
|
— | Digit span subtest of the WAIS-4thd | — | |||
|
|
|
— | Trail-Making Test Part B | — | |||
|
|
|
— | RBANSe | — | |||
|
|
|
— | DKEFSf | — | |||
|
|
|
Stroop color-word test | — | TestMyBrain.org | |||
|
|
Cardiorespiratory fitness | ||||||
|
|
|
Incremental shuttle walking test | — | 1-minute sit-to-stand test | |||
| Secondary | |||||||
|
|
Functional mobility and postural control | ||||||
|
|
|
— | Timed Up-and-Go test (single and dual task) | — | |||
|
|
|
Wireless accelerometer | — | — | |||
|
|
|
90-second trials of walking | — | — | |||
|
|
|
Standing postural control | — | — | |||
|
|
Blood collection and genetic testing | ||||||
|
|
|
Endothelium function (BDNFg, VEGFh, and CRPi levels) and genetic factors (BDNF genes, and APOEj e4 allele) | — | — | |||
|
|
Physical activity and exercise | ||||||
|
|
|
— | Lifetime Physical Activity questionnaire | — | |||
|
|
|
— | Exercise Self-Efficacy, and Barriers and Motivators to Exercise | — | |||
|
|
|
— | Physical Activity Self-Regulation Scale | — | |||
|
|
|
— | — | ActiGraph GT9X Link | |||
|
|
Depression | ||||||
|
|
|
— | GDSk | — | |||
|
|
Sleep | ||||||
|
|
|
— | PSQIl | — | |||
|
|
|
— | — | ActiGraph GT9X Link | |||
|
|
Brain health index | ||||||
|
|
|
— | — | BBHIm determinants of brain health | |||
|
|
Study feasibility | ||||||
|
|
|
— | Exercise adherence and technology compliance | — | |||
|
|
|
— | Exercise intensity adherence | — | |||
|
|
|
— | Adaptability of the intervention and assessments methods | — | |||
|
|
Participant self-evaluation, study feedback, and plans for exercise | ||||||
|
|
|
Exit interview survey | — | Exit interview survey with additional questions | |||
aTMS/iTBS: transcranial magnetic stimulation/intermittent theta-burst stimulation.
bNot applicable.
ctACS/EEG: transcranial alternating current stimulation/electroencephalography.
dWAIS-4th: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 4th Edition.
eRBANS: Repeatable Neuropsychological Battery.
fDKEFS: Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System.
gBDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor.
hVEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor.
iCRP: C reactive protein.
jAPOE: apolipoprotein E.
kGDS: Geriatric Depression Scale.
lPSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.
mBBHI: Barcelona Brain Health Institute.