Table 2.

Pre to postintervention changes in each of the outcome measures defined by the gender and age categories.

Outcome measure				Preintervention (week 1), mean (SD)		Postintervention (week 12), mean (SD)		Difference, mean (%)		t test (df)		95% CI		P value		Effect size (Cohen d)
Mental health
	Overall			69.4 (16.4)		77.9 (14.9)		8.5 (12)		–13.306 (487)		–9.72 to –7.22		<.001		0.54
	Gender
		Men	76.0 (14.4)		81.3 (16.2)		5.3 (7)		–3.227 (107)		–8.59 to –2.05		.002		0.35
		Women	67.5a (16.5)		76.9 (14.4)		9.4 (14)a		–14.197 (379)		–10.69 to –8.09		<.001		0.61
	Age category (years)
		18-34	64.1 (16.6)		71.3 (17.8)		7.2 (11)		–1.304 (105)		–10.66 to –3.83		<.001		0.42
		35-54	68.5 (15.3)		77.0 (14.1)		8.4 (12)b		–9.695 (229)		–10.13 to –6.71		<.001		0.57
		55+	74.3b,c (16.7)		83.7 (11.7)		9.5 (13)b		–9.182 (151)		–11.50 to –7.43		<.001		0.67
Vitality
	Overall			57.6 (18.2)		86.2 (17.6)		10.5 (18)		–14.018 (487)		–12.01 to –9.06		<.001		0.59
	Gender
		Men	63.5 (16.7)		69.9 (19.9)		6.4 (10)		–3.416 (107)		–10.06 to –2.67		<.001		0.35
		Women	55.9a (18.3)		67.7 (16.8)		11.8 (21)a		–14.772 (379)		–13.31 to –10.19		<.001		0.67
	Age category (years)
		18-34	53.9 (15.7)		63.0 (19.0)		9.1 (17)		–4.737 (105)		–12.96 to –5.31		<.001		0.53
		35-54	55.6 (18.7)		66.6 (17.3)		11.1 (20)b		–10.647 (229)		–13.14 to –9.04		<.001		0.62
		55+	63.2b,c (17.8)		73.9 (15.4)		10.7 (17)		–8.475 (151)		–13.21 to –8.21		<.001		0.64
Depression
	Overall			3.2 (3.3)		1.9 (2.6)		–1.3 (–39)		10.575 (487)		1.02 to 1.49		<.001		0.43
	Gender
		Men	2.3 (3.0)		1.5 (2.7)		–0.8 (–34)		3.464 (107)		0.34 to 1.26		.001		0.28
		Women	3.4a (3.3)		2.0 (2.6)		–1.4 (–40)a		10.121 (379)		1.12 to 1.66		<.001		0.47
	Age category (years)
		18-34	4.1 (3.5)		2.6 (3.3)		–1.6 (–38)		5.675 (105)		1.03 to 2.14		<.001		0.47
		35-54	3.1 (3.1)		2.0 (2.6)		–1.1 (–35)		6.562 (229)		0.76 to 1.41		<.001		0.38
		55+	2.7b (3.2)		1.4 (1.9)		–1.3 (–49)		6.095 (151)		0.88 to 1.72		<.001		0.50
Anxiety
	Overall			2.1 (2.3)		1.3 (1.8)		–0.8 (–38)		9.242 (487)		0.64 to 0.98		<.001		0.39
	Gender
		Men	1.5 (1.9)		0.9 (1.7)		–0.6 (–42)		3.896 (107)		0.32 to 0.97		<.001		0.36
		Women	2.3a (2.4)		1.5 (1.8)		–0.9 (–35)		8.382 (379)		0.65 to 1.05		<.001		0.40
	Age category (years)
		18-34	2.8 (2.7)		1.6 (2.1)		–1.2 (–42)		4.886 (105)		0.70 to 1.67		<.001		0.49
		35-54	2.1b (2.2)		1.3 (1.9)		–0.7 (–35)		6.574 (229)		0.51 to 0.94		<.001		0.35
		55+	1.8b (2.1)		1.1 (1.4)		–0.7 (–39)		4.516 (151)		0.38 to 0.98		<.001		0.39
Stress
	Overall			5.3 (3.4)		3.8 (3.1)		–1.5 (–28)		11.313 (487)		1.24 to 1.76		<.001		0.47
	Gender
		Men	4.2 (2.8)		3.0 (3.2)		–1.2 (–28)		4.270 (107)		0.63 to 1.73		<.001		0.39
		Women	5.7a (3.4)		4.1 (3.0)		–1.6 (–28)		10.554 (379)		1.30 to 1.89		<.001		0.50
	Age category (years)
		18-34	6.4 (3.6)		4.9 (3.8)		–1.5 (–24)		4.812 (105)		0.90 to 2.17		<.001		0.42
		35-54	5.5 (3.1)		4.1 (2.9)		–1.4 (–26)		7.909 (229)		1.08 to 1.79		<.001		0.48
		55+	4.3b,c (3.4)		2.7 (2.3)		–1.6 (–37)		6.477 (151)		1.09 to 2.04		<.001		0.55
Life satisfaction
	Overall			23.4 (6.8)		25.8 (6.4)		2.4 (10)		–11.991 (487)		–2.85 to –2.04		<.001		0.37
	Gender
		Men	24.0 (6.5)		26.2 (6.0)		2.2 (9)		–5.694 (107)		–3.02 to –1.46		<.001		0.35
		Women	23.2 (6.8)		25.7 (6.5)		2.5 (11)		–10.562 (379)		–2.97 to –2.04		<.001		0.38
	Age category (years)
		18-34	23.3 (7.2)		25.7 (6.7)		2.4 (10)		–5.114 (105)		–3.33 to –1.47		<.001		0.35
		35-54	22.9 (7.0)		25.7 (6.6)		2.8 (12)		–9.206 (229)		–3.38 to –2.19		<.001		0.41
		55+	24.0 (6.2)		26.0 (5.9)		2.0 (8)		–5.864 (151)		–2.63 to –1.30		<.001		0.33

^aSignificant gender difference.

^bSignificant difference from the 18-34 age category.

^cSignificant difference from the 35-54 age category.