Table 1.

Comparison of the differences among the model case, contrary case, related case, and borderline case.

Parameter	Model case	Contrary case	Related case	Borderline case
Definition	Real-life and often paradigmatic use of concept cases that reflects the essence of the concept	Case that represent what the concept is not—have little or none of the defining attributes of the concept.	Case that have characteristics similar to the concept at face value but different from the concept at its core upon close examination.	Case that contain most, but not all, of the key attributes of the concept.
Example	Resources like Doctor Carer mentioned in Angie’s caregiving experience	Usual care mentioned in Angie’s caregiving experience.	Ann’s use and adoption of the interactive multimedia e-book Compendium of Materia Medica.	The communication between Ann and her friend Kacey.
Defining attribute	The use of technology to design, develop, and deliver health promotion contents and strategies aimed at inducing or improving positive physical or psychological health outcomes in cancer caregivers	In-person communicated and delivered health promotion contents and strategies; no technology is involved.	Nontailored interventions that are not designed, developed, or delivered based on Ann’s needs and preferences as Kacey’s informal cancer caregiver	Not all caregiver–patient communication is about the caregiving experience or the cancer continuum, enabled or delivered via technology.
Detailed rationale	Doctor Carer is an intervention that possesses all the defining attributes of technology-based interventions.	No technology is needed for in-person communicated interventions to occur, which means that, although it is an intervention nonetheless, it is not a technology-based intervention.	Like all interventions, technology-based interventions are intentionally designed and delivered to address the needs and wants of caregivers. Either the book Compendium of Materia Medica or its digitalization is intentionally created with caregivers like Ann in mind.	For Ann, communicating with Kacey can occur either in person or via technology-based methods, and it may not necessarily have an impact on her caregiving experience.