Table 2.
Screening tools, domains, screen validation, the location and duration of screens, and screen initiators.
| Study authors | Tool | Domains screened | Links | Screening time (location) | Screening duration | Screen initiator |
| Bilardi et al [18] | Check Your Risk | Sexual health | —a | Postconsultation (clinic or home) | — | Youth |
| Bradford and Rickwood [6] | My Assessment | Home, education, eating, activities, alcohol or drug use, tobacco, sexual health, emotions, and safety | — | Preconsultation (clinic) | 10-15 minutes | Research assistant |
| Curtis et al [20] | CRAFFTb instrument (validated) | Alcohol and drugs | Alcohol and drug information | Preconsultation (school clinic) | 15 minutes | School counselor |
| Diamond et al [22] | BHSc (validated) | Medical, family, school, safety, sexuality, abuse, nutrition, eating, anxiety, trauma, depression, alcohol or drug use, suicidality, and psychosis | BDI-IId, MSSIe, and TSCf | Preconsultation (waiting room) | 8-12 minutes | Research assistant |
| Gadomski et al [23] | DartScreen | Nutrition, exercise, alcohol or drug use, school, mental health, depression and anxiety, and sexual health | PHQg, GAD-2h, and SBQi | Preconsultation (waiting room) | 9.5 minutes | Research assistant |
| Goodyear-Smith et al [19] | YouthCHAT (validated) | Smoking, alcohol or drug use, gambling, eating disorder, depression, anxiety, stress, sexual health, abuse, conduct, anger, and inactivity | PHQ-Aj, GAD-7k, SACSl, and ASSISTm | Preconsultation (waiting room) | — | Research assistant |
| Harris and Knight [21] | CRAFFT instrument (validated) | Alcohol or drug use | CRAFFT instrument | Preconsultation | 5 minutes | Research assistant |
| Olson et al [24] | Based on GAPSQn | Family, medical, safety, smoking, sexuality, activity, mental health, body image, school, relationships, nutrition, conduct | Alcohol and drug information | Preconsultation (clinic) | 9-11 minutes | Admin staff |
| Riese et al [25] | TickiT (with and without the YRBSo) | Home, education, eating, activities, alcohol or drug use tobacco, sexual health, emotions, safety | Selected YRBS | Preconsultation (waiting room) | 8.4 minutes | Research assistant |
| Sterling et al [26,27] | TWCQp | Alcohol or drug use, mood, and suicidality | CRAFFT instrument | Preconsultation (clinic) | — | Admin staff |
| Webb et al [16] | Check Up general practitioner app | Home, education, eating, activities, alcohol or drug use, tobacco, sexual health, emotions, and safety | — | Preconsultation (general practice clinic) | 10-14 minutes | Research assistant |
aNot applicable.
bCRAFFT: Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Friends, Trouble.
cBHS: Behavioral Health Screen.
dBDI-II: Beck Depression Inventory-II.
eMSSI: Modified Scale for Suicidal Ideation.
fTSC: Trauma Symptom Checklist.
gPHQ: Patient Health Questionnaire.
hGAD-2: Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item.
iSBQ: Suicide Behavior Questionnaire.
jPHQ-A: Patient Health Questionnaire-Adolescent Version.
kGAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item.
lSACS: Substances and Choices Scale.
mASSIST: Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test.
nGAPSQ: Guidelines for Adolescent Preventive Services Questionnaire.
oYRBS: Youth Risk Behavior Survey.
pTWCQ: Teen Well Check Questionnaire.