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. 2021 Nov 15;9(11):e31037. doi: 10.2196/31037

Table 1.

Participant characteristics.

Participants and characteristics Value, n (%)
Patients (N=38)

Median age, years 59

Male 32 (85)

Race/ethnicity: White/non-Hispanic 26 (68)

Daily texting 30 (79)
Staff (N=33)

Staff type


MDa, NPb, RNc 21 (64)


PharmDd 5 (15)


Other (dietician, social worker) 7 (21)

Median age, years 40

Median VHAe tenure, years 8

Male 8 (24)

Daily texting 28 (84)

aMD: Doctor of Medicine.

bNP: nurse practitioner.

cRN: registered nurse.

dPharmD: Doctor of Pharmacy.

eVHA: Veterans Health Administration.