Appendix II. Definition of cephalometric variables measured in the study.

Pharyngeal dimensions

P0 - The linear distance between the posterior pharyngeal wall and posterior soft palate along NF (pP0-aP0) (mm);

P1 - The linear distance between the posterior pharyngeal wall and posterior soft palate along OP (pP1 - aP1) (mm);

P2 - The linear distance between posterior and anterior pharyngeal walls along MP (pP2 - aP2) (mm);

P3 - The linear distance between posterior and anterior pharyngeal walls along the base of C2 (pP3 - aP3) (mm);

P4 -The linear distance between posterior and anterior pharyngeal walls along the base of C3 (pP4 – aP4) (mm).

Velum dimensions

PNS - V Length of velum; distance between PNS and V (mm); LV- UV Thickness of velum; distance between LV and UV (mm).

Hyoid position

Hy-NF: Perpendicular distance from NF to Hy (mm); Hy-OP: Perpendicular distance from OP to Hy (mm); Hy-MP: Perpendicular distance from MP to Hy (mm);

Hy-aC2: Linear distance between Hy and aC2 (mm); Hy-aC3: Linear distance between Hy and aC3 (mm).

Mandibular position

Angular measurement

Facial angle: Angle formed by FH- NPog.

Linear measurement

N ┴ Pog: Horizontal distance between a perpendicular line from nasion to Pog.