Table 2. Physiological concentrations of biogenic amines and amino acid precursors.
| No. (%) detected in samples | |||
| CST I (7) | CST III (17) | CST IV (46) | |
| Arginine (AA) | 7(100%) | 17 (100%) | 46 (100%) |
| Lysine (AA) | 7 (100%) | 17 (100%) | 46 (100%) |
| Ornithine (AA) | 7 (100%) | 17 (100%) | 46 (100%) |
| Tryptophan (AA) | 7 (100%) | 17 (100%) | 46 (100%) |
| Agmatine (BA) | 2 (28.6%) | 6 (35.3%) | 18 (39.1%) |
| Cadaverine (BA) | 7 (100%) | 17 (100%) | 46 (100%) |
| Putrescine (BA) | 7 (100%) | 17 (100%) | 46 (100%) |
| Spermidine (BA) | 7 (100%) | 17 (100%) | 46 (100%) |
| Spermine (BA) | 6 (85.7%) | 10 (58.8%) | 16 (34.8%) |
| Trimethylamine (BA) | 7 (100%) | 15 (88.2%) | 38 (82.6%) |
| Trimethylamine oxide (BA) | 7 (100%) | 17 (100%) | 46 (100%) |
| Tyramine (BA) | 7 (100%) | 17 (100%) | 45 (97.8%) |
| Mean concentration (μM) (range) | |||
| Arginine (AA) | 301.5 (93.9–715.3)b,c | 158.5 (4.3–490.7)b | 37.8 (0.32–328.08)a |
| Lysine (AA) | 1013.2 (219.03–1700.5)b,c | 422.5 (50.6–3558.1) | 245.5 (3.1–1783.7)a |
| Ornithine (AA) | 1403.5 (48.8–2994.3)b,c | 127.9 (16.9–661.7) | 129.5 (1.7–1256.9)a |
| Tryptophan (AA) | 142.8 (39–275.4)b,c | 50.1 (8.3–102.8)b | 37.8 (0.3–212.6)a |
| Agmatine (BA) | 0.36 (0.29–0.4) | 0.4 (0.17–0.7) | 1.3 (0.2–13.5) |
| Cadaverine (BA) | 128.8 (12.7–425.1)b | 163.8 (7.5–688.5)b | 6170.4 (5.7–129384.5)a |
| Putrescine (BA) | 392.9 (31.1–2033.2) | 345.9 (15.3–1210.7)b | 1167.6 (15.8–7079.2)a |
| Spermidine (BA) | 81.6 (40.7–151.9)b,c | 36.5 (1.2–101.3) | 32.3 (0.7–162.1) |
| Spermine (BA) | 629.34 (76.3–1866.8)b | 138.3 (0.9–425.1) | 216.2 (0.5–1977.7)a |
| Trimethylamine (BA) | 18.4 (1.8–71.2)b | 68.3 (2.2–427.9)b | 375.8 (2.4–1959.3)a |
| Trimethylamine oxide (BA) | 17.6 (9.3–28.3)b | 38.3 (0.3–194.1)b | 11.7 (0.1–102.4)a |
| Tyramine (BA) | 6.2 (0.4–20.3)b | 79.1 (0.5–416.8) | 140.4 (0.3–863.2)a |
These values reflect non-imputed data; p-values estimated using pairwise t-tests, corrected using FDR.
a indicates q <0.05 versus concentration in all other combined groups.
b indicates q <0.05 compared to CST IV.
c indicates q <0.05 compared to CST III.