Table A3.

Linear probability models predicting nonmetro underemployment (yes=1), 1968–2017

	Base		Region F.E.		Demographic		Full
	B	S.E.	B	S.E.	B	S.E.	B	S.E.
Ethnorace
White (ref.)
Black	.143***	.013	.145***	0.013	.095***	.012	.099***	.012
Hispanic	.143***	.013	.140***	0.013	.086***	.013	.083***	.013
Other	.135***	.017	.129***	0.017	.106***	.016	.100***	.017
Period
1968–1972	−.032***	.003	−.032***	0.003	−.083***	.003	−.083***	.003
1973–1977	−.020***	.003	−.019***	0.003	−.073***	.003	−.072***	.003
1978–1982	−.008**	.003	−.006	0.003	−.058***	.003	−.057***	.003
1983–1987	.045***	.004	.046***	0.004	−.006	.004	−.005	.004
1988–1992	.020***	.003	.020***	0.004	−.016***	.004	−.016***	.004
1993–1997 (ref.)
1998–2002	−.041***	.004	−.041***	0.004	−.035***	.003	−.036***	.003
2003–2007	−.034***	.004	−.034***	0.004	−.029***	.003	−.029***	.003
2008–2012	.002	.004	.003	0.004	0.005	.004	.005	.004
2013–2017	−.023***	.004	−.023***	0.004	−.022***	.004	−.022***	.004
Ethnorace*Period
Black*68–72	.073***	.015	.072***	0.015	.075***	.015	.074***	.015
Black*73–77	.028**	.016	.028**	0.016	.030*	.015	.030	.015
Black*78–82	.044**	.016	.043**	0.016	.045**	.015	.043**	.015
Black*83–87	.053**	.016	.053**	0.016	.051***	.015	.051***	.015
Black*88–92	.044**	.017	.044*	0.017	.039**	.016	.039*	.016
Black*93–97 (ref.)
Black*98–02	.000	.017	.000	0.017	−.002	.016	−.003	.016
Black*03–07	−.020	.016	−.021	0.016	−.018	.016	−.019	.016
Black*08–12	.017	.017	.016	0.017	.017	.016	.016	.016
Black*13–17	.017	.018	.015	0.018	.019	.017	.018	.017
Hispanic*68–72	−.070**	.026	−.075**	0.026	−.047*	.025	−.051*	.025
Hispanic*73–77	−.031	.020	−.034*	0.020	−.013	.019	−.016	.019
Hispanic*78–82	−.054**	.178	−.058***	0.018	−.036*	.017	−.040*	.017
Hispanic*83–87	−.014	.019	−.016	0.019	.005	.018	.004	.018
Hispanic*88–92	.006	.020	.007	0.020	.019	.019	.019	.019
Hispanic*93–97 (ref.)
Hispanic*98–02	−.06**	.017	−.044**	0.017	−.043**	.017	−.042*	.017
Hispanic*03–07	−.039**	.016	−.037**	0.016	−.034*	.016	−.032*	.016
Hispanic*08–12	−.047**	.017	−.046**	0.017	−.035*	.017	−.034*	.017
Hispanic*13–17	−.085***	.017	−.085***	0.017	−.084***	.017	−.083***	.017
Other*68–72	−.025	.033	−.031	0.033	−.022	.032	−.028	.032
Other*73–77	.020	.039	.021	0.039	.039	.038	.039	.038
Other*78–82	−.025	.027	−.023	0.027	−.015	.027	−.012	.027
Other*83–87	.015	.026	.014	0.026	.025	.025	.024	.025
Other*88–92	−.030	.024	−.031	0.024	−.016	.023	−.017	.023
Other*93–97 (ref.)
Other*98–02	−.031	.024	−.029	0.022	−.036	.021	−.035	.021
Other*03–07	−.042	.020	−.041	0.020	−.051**	.019	−.050	.019
Other*08–12	−.056	.21	−.053	0.021	−.060**	.020	−.057	.020
Other*13–17	−.017	.22	−.015	0.022	−.025	.021	−.023	.021
Region
New England (ref.)
Middle Atlantic			.017***	0.003			.013***	.003
East North Central			.026***	0.003			.020***	.003
West North Central			.015***	0.003			.008***	.003
South Atlantic			.010***	0.003			.000**	.003
East South Central			.037***	0.003			.029	.003
West South Central			.024***	0.003			.015***	.003
Mountain			.023***	0.003			.017***	.003
Pacific			.049***	0.004			.042	.004
Age					−.016	.000	−.016***	.000
Age 2					.000	.000	.000***	.000
Female					.072	.002	.072***	.002
Marital status
Married (ref.)
Never married					.101***	.002	.101***	.002
Sep., div., wid.					.074***	.002	.074***	.002
Education
< high school (ref.)
H.S. - < 4 yrs. coll.					−.089***	.002	−.089***	.002
4+ yrs. coll.					−.163***	.002	−.162***	.002
Industry
Extractive (ref.)
Construction					.028***	.004	.029***	.004
Durable manuf.					−.096***	.003	−.097***	.003
Non-durable manuf.					−.076***	.003	−.074***	.003
Trans. and comm.					−.095***	.004	−.094***	.004
Trade					−.027***	.003	−.026***	.003
FIRE					−.113***	.004	−.112***	.004
Services					−.054***	.003	−.054***	.003
Other					.059***	.004	.059***	.004
R-squared	.021		.022		.092		.093
n (unweighted)	448,008		448,008		448,008		448,008

Source: March Current Population Surveys.

Notes: F.E.=fixed effects. Ref.=reference group. B=unstandardized coefficient. S.E.=robust standard error.

^*p<.05

^**p<.01

^***p<.001.