Table A4.

Linear probability models predicting metro underemployment (yes=1), 1968–2017

	Base		Region F.E.		Demographic		Full
	B	S.E.	B	S.E.	B	S.E.	B	S.E.
Ethnorace
White (ref.)
Black	.133***	.005	.135***	.005	.092***	.004	.095***	.004
Hispanic	.155***	.004	.152***	.004	.094***	.004	.091***	.004
Other	.031***	.006	.027***	.006	.034***	.006	.029***	.006
Period
1968–1972	−.022***	.002	−.023***	.002	−.077***	.002	−.078***	.002
1973–1977	.003	.002	.002	.002	−.052***	.002	−.053***	.002
1978–1982	.000	.002	−.001	.002	−.052***	.002	−.053***	.002
1983–1987	.023***	.002	.023***	.002	−.022***	.002	−.023***	.002
1988–1992	.000	.002	.000	.002	−.032***	.002	−.032***	.002
1993–1997 (ref.)
1998–2002	−.032***	.002	−.032***	.002	−.027***	.002	−.027***	.002
2003–2007	−.021***	.002	−.021***	.002	−.017***	.002	−.016***	.002
2008–2012	.024***	.002	.024***	.002	.029***	.002	.029***	.002
2013–2017	−.003	.002	−.003	.002	.003	.002	.004*	.002
Ethnorace*Period
Black*68–72	−.013*	.007	−.014*	.007	−.012	.006	−.013*	.006
Black*73–77	−.018**	.007	−.018**	.007	−.015*	.006	−.015*	.006
Black*78–82	.016*	.007	.015*	.007	.015*	.006	.015*	.006
Black*83–87	.031***	.007	.031***	.007	.027***	.006	.027***	.006
Black*88–92	.010	.007	.009	.007	.008	.006	.007	.006
Black*93–97 (ref.)
Black*98–02	−.029***	.006	−.029**	.006	−.025***	.006	−.025***	.006
Black*03–07	−.032***	.006	−.032***	.006	−.027***	.006	−.027***	.006
Black*08–12	−.016**	.006	−.015*	.006	−.011	.006	−.011	.006
Black*13–17	−.016**	.006	−.016*	.006	−.011*	.006	−.011	.006
Hispanic*68–72	−.079***	.011	−.076**	.011	−.046	.010	−.025***	.006
Hispanic*73–77	−.085***	.007	−.084***	.007	−.054***	.007	−.043***	.010
Hispanic*78–82	−.064***	.006	−.063***	.006	−.039***	.006	−.053***	.007
Hispanic*83–87	−.036***	.006	−.035***	.006	−.017***	.006	−.037**	.006
Hispanic*88–92	−.026***	.006	−.026***	.006	−.014**	.006	−.016*	.006
Hispanic*93–97 (ref.)
Hispanic*98–02	−.033***	.005	−.032***	.005	−.035***	.005	−.034***	.005
Hispanic*03–07	−.052***	.005	−.051***	.005	−.053***	.005	−.052***	.005
Hispanic*08–12	−.018***	.005	−.017**	.005	−.015**	.005	−.014**	.005
Hispanic*13–17	−.045***	.005	−.044***	.005	−.038**	.005	−.037***	.005
Other*68–72	−.041	.013	−.043**	.013	−.043***	.012	−.046***	.012
Other*73–77	−.017	.012	−.018	.012	−.011	.012	−.013	.012
Other*78–82	−.008	.010	−.008	.010	.008	.010	.008	.010
Other*83–87	.003	.009	.002	.009	.023*	.009	.022	.009
Other*88–92	.000	.009	.000	.009	.014	.008	.014	.008
Other*93–97 (ref.)
Other*98–02	.007	.007	.007	.007	.008	.007	.008	.007
Other*03–07	−.008	.007	−.007	.007	−.007	.007	−.006	.007
Other*08–12	−.002	.007	−.001	.007	.001	.007	.003	.007
Other*13–17	−.005	.007	−.004	.007	−.004	.007	−.003	.007
Region
New England (ref.)
Middle Atlantic			.002	.002
East North Central			.017***	.002			.000	.001
West North Central			.002	.002			.012***	.001
South Atlantic			−.007***	.002			−.003	.002
East South Central			.017***	.002			−.011***	.002
West South Central			.004*	.002			.008	.002
Mountain			.010***	.002			−.001*	.002
Pacific			.021***	.002			.004***	.002
Age					−.017***	.000	−.017***	.000
Age 2					.000***	.000	.000***	.000
Female					.029***	.001	.029***	.001
Marital status
Married (ref.)
Never married					.069***	.001	.069***	.001
Sep., div., wid.					.050***	.001	.049***	.001
Education
< high school (ref.)
H.S. - < 4 yrs. coll.					−.089***	.001	−.089***	.001
4+ yrs. coll.					−.148***	.001	−.148***	.001
Industry
Extractive (ref.)							−.010**	.003
Construction					−.012***	.003	−.117***	.003
Durable manuf.					−.116***	.003	−.097***	.003
Non-durable manuf.					−.098***	.003	−.119***	.003
Trans. and comm.					−.120***	.003	−.055***	.003
Trade					−.056***	.003	−.127***	.003
FIRE					−.129***	.003	−.082***	.003
Services					−.082***	.003	.024***	.003
Other					.023***	.003	−.010***	.003
R-squared	.022		.023		.089		.088
n (unweighted)	1,400,578		1,400,478		1,400,574		1,400,574

Source: March Current Population Surveys.

Notes: F.E.=fixed effects. Ref.=reference group. B=unstandardized coefficient. S.E.=robust standard error.

^*p<.05

^**p<.01

^***p<.001.