Table 6.
Processing and antibacterial activity of SFBs combined with multiple antibacterial agents for different biomedical applications
| Antimicrobial additive (Combination) | Other additive(s) | Synthesis method | Content | Antimicrobial capability | Application | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AgNPs Gentamicin (Gen) | Titanium (Ti) Polydopamine (PD) |
Dip coating Ti implants with SF/AgNPs/Gen solutions | AgNO3 (2−120 mM/L) Gen (200−1200 μg/L) |
MIC against S. aureus: SF/AgNPs (>120 mM/L) SF/Gen (1000−1200 μg/L) SF/AgNPs/Gen (Removal of all bacteria at Gen (200 μg/L) and Ag+ (10 mM/L)) RE of adhered bacteria after 24 h (>95%) |
Osteogenetic applications | [200] [203] [204, 205] |
| AgNPs Electric current | ----- | In situ reduction of Ag+ by SF and fabrication of SF/AgNPs gels | 0%, 5%, 10%, 25%, and 50% (w/w) AgNO3 with electric current of 1.5 S cm−1 | RE (1 min-50% AgNO3): E. coli (80%) |
Wound healing | [201] |
| Chitosan (CS) Penicillin (PEN) |
----- | Oxygen plasma treatment of Antheraea assama SF yarn and functionalization with CS and PEN | CS (760 ± 6 μg) on each yarn (90 cm) PEN (25–250 μg) |
ZOI (24 h): B. subtilis (30.2±0.4 mm) E. coli (6.3±0.4 mm) |
Blood-contacting biomaterials |
[197] |
| Chitosan (CS) Water crude longan seed extract (WLS) |
----- | CS/SF/WLS injectable hydrogels |
---- | RE (2 h): E. coli (100%) S. aureus (86%) |
Bone TE | [199] |
| Chitosan (CS) ZnO |
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) | Dip-coating SF/PVA composite films in CS-ZnO NPs solution |
0.2, 0.5, and 1 wt% Cs-ZnO NPs | ZOI (24 h-1 wt%): S. aureus (4 mm), E. coli (5 mm), and P. mirabilis (4 mm) |
Wound dressing | [198] |
| Type I collagen peptide (CP) S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) |
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) | Electrospinning | 1% and 0.5% (w/v) of GSNO and CP | ZOI (24 h-CP/SF/PVA): E. coli (18 ± 0.28 mm) P. aeruginosa (17 ± 0.31 mm) S. aureus (9 ± 0.16) ZOI (24 h-CP/GSNO/SF/PVA) P. aeruginosa (22 ± 0.24) S. aureus (20 ± 0.27) E. coli (23 ± 0.19) |
Treatment of ischemic chronic wounds | [202] |