Table 1. Effects of microglia ablation or inhibition on oligodendrogenesis and myelination.

CC, corpus callosum; DPF, days post-fertilization; OL, oligodendrocyte; SC, spinal cord; SVZ, subventricular zone; WM, white matter.

Method(s) for microglia ablation/inhibition	Organism and ROI	Effects on oligodendrogenesis	Effects on myelination	Reference
Csf1r−/− transgenic	P20 mouse CC and SVZ	High degree of OPC apoptosis; mature OL population reduced	No noted effects on myelination	(73)
Intraperitoneal administration of minocycline to prevent microglia activation	P5 rat SVZ	Increased OPC population but reduced premyelinating and mature OL numbers; no difference in OL-lineage proliferation labeling	Number of MBP+ cells decreased	(56)
CSF1R inhibitor BLZ945	P20 and P40–P42 mouse WM	Reduced number of OLs in P20 CC	P20: Reduced expression and labeling of myelin proteins in CC and cerebellum; decrease in % of myelinated axons; no difference in myelin thickness; P40–P42: no difference in PLP or MBP	(13)
Transgenic deletion of Igf-1 gene in CD11c+ microglia	P21 mouse CC	No noted effects on oligodendrogenesis	Decreased expression on Plp, Mag, and Mog; reduced myelin staining; thinner myelin sheaths	(15)
Csf1r−/− transgenic	3-week rat CNS	Decrease of oligodendrocyte gene expression	Reduced myelination in the CC; decrease of myelin- associated gene expression	(72)
Pediatric-onset leukoencephalopathy patients (homozygous CSF1R mutations)	Human brain tissue (10 months to 25 years)	No noted effects on oligodendrogenesis	Periventricular white matter abnormalities; cerebellar and CC hypoplasia/atrophy	(71)
PLX5622 and PLX3397 (CSF1R inhibitors)	8- to 10-week mouse CNS	Reduced OPC viability in vitro and ex vivo; regional reduction of OPCs in vivo	No difference in mature OL populations or PLP labeling	(74)
(i) Blockade of Irf8 translation (ii) CSF1R inhibitor GW2580 (iii) Microglia expression of nitroreductase + actuator	4 DPF zebrafish optic tectum and SC	No difference in number or distribution of OLs	Oligodendrocytes produced more sheaths and sheaths were shorter in length; increased incidence of ectopic myelination	(50)
Microglia ablation via Csf1r double mutant	10 DPF zebrafish SC	Reduced number of OLs	Reduced total myelinated area, increased number of myelin structure pathologies, and no difference in sheath length	(40)