Table 3. Laboratory Tests for Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis.

ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; C5a: complement component 5a; C5L2: complement 5a-like receptor; IL-1: interleukin-1; IL-6: interleukin-6; IL-8: interleukin-8; IL-1ra: interleukin-1 receptor antagonist; IL-2rs: interleukin-2 receptor subunits; IL-10: interleukin-10; RANTES: regulated on Activation, Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α; IFN-γ: interferon-γ; G-CSF: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; CSF1: colony stimulating factor 1; SCF: stem cell factor; MIP1-a: macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha; sCD14: soluble cluster of differentiation 14; sICAM-1: soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1; CD11b: cluster of differentiation molecule 11b; CD64: cluster of differentiation 64; CD69: cluster of differentiation 69; CD25: cluster of differentiation 25; CD19: cluster of differentiation 19; CD33: cluster of differentiation 33

Specific laboratory tests	Hematologic investigations	Biochemical investigations	Cytokines and receptors
Blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine culture	White blood cell counts	C-reactive protein, procalcitonin	IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1ra, IL-2rs
Direct visualization of bacteria (Gram stain)	Total and differential, platelet counts	ESR, serum amyloid	IL-10, RANTES, TNF-α, IFN-γ
Detection of bacterial antigens		other phase reactants: haptoglobin, lactoferrin, neopterin, inter-inhibitor proteins, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, C5a, C5L2, immunoglobulins	G-CSF, CSF1, SCF, MIP1-a
Polymerase chain reaction (amplification of bacterial DNA)			sCD14, sICAM-1, CD11b, CD64, CD69, CD25, CD19, CD33