. 2020 Oct 29;167:114142. doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2020.114142

Table 6.

Comparison of different segmentation methods with the Dunn index values (Highlighted values denotes the acceptable values).

Image Id	Algorithm	No. of Clusters
Image Id	Algorithm	3	5	7	9
$I_{001}$	robust modified GA (Shayeghi et al., 2007)	1.12535573	1.61578897	4.08857997	1.905081252
	modified PSO (Sedghi et al., 2013)	3.74240514	4.53644815	3.93796563	2.206052346
	modified ACO (Zhu & Wang, 2016)	4.07813945	2.22984218	3.0136908	3.430451366
	modified cuckoo search (Chakraborty, Chatterjee, Dey, et al., 2017)	3.02336228	3.40532418	2.6234403	4.045114582
	SuFMoFPA (Proposed)	1.20465098	4.72691948	0.72556603	2.230860023
$I_{002}$	robust modified GA (Shayeghi et al., 2007)	0.67388477	0.37924682	1.01229087	0.371401309
	modified PSO (Sedghi et al., 2013)	2.12379148	0.13614716	3.09316933	0.702857413
	modified ACO (Zhu & Wang, 2016)	0.83057152	0.72541859	1.53110771	1.798947306
	modified cuckoo search (Chakraborty, Chatterjee, Dey, et al., 2017)	1.4247201	1.39796129	2.9206735	1.79260722
	SuFMoFPA (Proposed)	1.77849394	2.26010929	3.21819337	1.54670362
$I_{003}$	robust modified GA (Shayeghi et al., 2007)	0.27645967	1.08953352	1.85659804	1.584958757
	modified PSO (Sedghi et al., 2013)	0.5135087	0.0277859	1.76580402	0.598600031
	modified ACO (Zhu & Wang, 2016)	1.02015134	1.18862089	1.62740649	0.199552398
	modified cuckoo search (Chakraborty, Chatterjee, Dey, et al., 2017)	2.76700722	1.61928839	1.5456074	3.114432622
	SuFMoFPA (Proposed)	1.86738691	1.1010286	2.99042464	2.198167978
$I_{004}$	robust modified GA (Shayeghi et al., 2007)	0.43265393	0.9089483	0.31715197	1.664270374
	modified PSO (Sedghi et al., 2013)	0.48782614	0.29953957	1.80272564	2.283849511
	modified ACO (Zhu & Wang, 2016)	2.0973503	0.804764	0.90457287	0.784878997
	modified cuckoo search (Chakraborty, Chatterjee, Dey, et al., 2017)	0.94912988	1.47172469	1.40035734	1.831345324
	SuFMoFPA (Proposed)	3.03713567	1.7705106	0.41365583	2.273399184
$I_{005}$	robust modified GA (Shayeghi et al., 2007)	1.75251283	2.10414104	1.19411085	0.930799564
	modified PSO (Sedghi et al., 2013)	0.16893279	0.38204891	1.82656744	1.157408411
	modified ACO (Zhu & Wang, 2016)	0.80168041	0.53885776	2.21644001	3.33477766
	modified cuckoo search (Chakraborty, Chatterjee, Dey, et al., 2017)	1.52392077	0.43724981	2.59218063	1.705536748
	SuFMoFPA (Proposed)	3.85647327	2.10913175	2.10302368	2.453340434
$I_{006}$	robust modified GA (Shayeghi et al., 2007)	1.98274446	1.6841264	1.18028628	0.863347565
	modified PSO (Sedghi et al., 2013)	0.26504151	2.62308356	4.01097655	2.458085347
	modified ACO (Zhu & Wang, 2016)	2.99658324	3.00682622	1.41340446	2.640352682
	modified cuckoo search (Chakraborty, Chatterjee, Dey, et al., 2017)	1.98771487	1.18145786	1.43427534	2.725758672
	SuFMoFPA (Proposed)	1.61986091	1.0012967	4.52813153	1.828473353
$I_{007}$	robust modified GA (Shayeghi et al., 2007)	0.03567237	0.74251006	3.30533244	2.960232017
	modified PSO (Sedghi et al., 2013)	1.65448103	2.08776357	2.18141231	0.008377465
	modified ACO (Zhu & Wang, 2016)	0.28990355	0.50583374	0.74786489	1.751319553
	modified cuckoo search (Chakraborty, Chatterjee, Dey, et al., 2017)	1.01823885	0.88426808	0.14329284	3.076938017
	SuFMoFPA (Proposed)	4.65062371	1.81888595	1.19360059	2.341863431
$I_{008}$	robust modified GA (Shayeghi et al., 2007)	0.46762575	0.98111232	0.2363378	1.301492095
	modified PSO (Sedghi et al., 2013)	3.50159548	0.03993424	0.83938028	0.770974762
	modified ACO (Zhu & Wang, 2016)	2.56030394	1.79836797	0.81428664	1.799451758
	modified cuckoo search (Chakraborty, Chatterjee, Dey, et al., 2017)	0.63599478	1.2713109	0.08120175	1.838166072
	SuFMoFPA (Proposed)	3.64491352	3.02948476	1.68982292	2.139971306
$I_{009}$	robust modified GA (Shayeghi et al., 2007)	0.87124016	1.36016844	1.81508208	2.746990589
	modified PSO (Sedghi et al., 2013)	4.19588116	1.84804193	1.88863398	1.080175537
	modified ACO (Zhu & Wang, 2016)	0.37935729	2.97962137	2.61451103	2.060206272
	modified cuckoo search (Chakraborty, Chatterjee, Dey, et al., 2017)	3.31761798	3.66026645	3.59355705	4.578409411
	SuFMoFPA (Proposed)	2.9280758	4.41427395	3.90686462	1.889027695
$I_{010}$	robust modified GA (Shayeghi et al., 2007)	1.71308337	2.57918531	3.472013	2.894621015
	modified PSO (Sedghi et al., 2013)	3.51067707	3.6804834	4.20999705	2.040446984
	modified ACO (Zhu & Wang, 2016)	3.91554431	1.69577549	3.01877796	3.33552876
	modified cuckoo search (Chakraborty, Chatterjee, Dey, et al., 2017)	2.90294354	3.97209268	2.19230993	4.039165139
	SuFMoFPA (Proposed)	1.84609008	3.9931925	1.04178473	1.796884647
$I_{011}$	robust modified GA (Shayeghi et al., 2007)	2.11605621	2.7016858	2.32089956	2.040890622
	modified PSO (Sedghi et al., 2013)	0.19326148	1.29244744	3.1218127	3.959432542
	modified ACO (Zhu & Wang, 2016)	1.20819205	0.74549486	0.41027461	2.578597498
	modified cuckoo search (Chakraborty, Chatterjee, Dey, et al., 2017)	3.92946018	2.58444185	2.17711825	2.186020531
	SuFMoFPA (Proposed)	1.95707205	2.03946121	4.6878584	2.073638044
$I_{012}$	robust modified GA (Shayeghi et al., 2007)	0.838755	3.59989836	1.51810874	0.546175437
	modified PSO (Sedghi et al., 2013)	3.60942136	0.71660202	2.18079874	1.325483556
	modified ACO (Zhu & Wang, 2016)	0.88814174	2.83481384	1.27071954	3.244886146
	modified cuckoo search (Chakraborty, Chatterjee, Dey, et al., 2017)	2.39904194	2.95128964	2.19801115	2.623335759
	SuFMoFPA (Proposed)	1.88991079	1.43751981	3.46975149	2.164342801
$I_{013}$	robust modified GA (Shayeghi et al., 2007)	1.22925491	1.42229243	2.73024479	2.559421351
	modified PSO (Sedghi et al., 2013)	0.44568111	1.64928522	2.33534677	2.943228742
	modified ACO (Zhu & Wang, 2016)	1.93856904	0.47494083	2.18503931	1.550660621
	modified cuckoo search (Chakraborty, Chatterjee, Dey, et al., 2017)	2.41472033	0.69026251	1.0381164	1.184316929
	SuFMoFPA (Proposed)	2.59614135	4.08411025	2.23356922	2.289015299
$I_{014}$	robust modified GA (Shayeghi et al., 2007)	2.3478567	2.23264276	1.78127824	1.596607169
	modified PSO (Sedghi et al., 2013)	1.836135	2.80021459	3.39016033	1.707833052
	modified ACO (Zhu & Wang, 2016)	2.95217015	2.29434247	2.57750903	0.686348581
	modified cuckoo search (Chakraborty, Chatterjee, Dey, et al., 2017)	1.84350732	2.38885812	2.92955856	1.604039136
	SuFMoFPA (Proposed)	1.92531342	2.05327029	4.62150971	2.014009802
$I_{015}$	robust modified GA (Shayeghi et al., 2007)	0.69394011	2.48058702	1.02352207	1.958463577
	modified PSO (Sedghi et al., 2013)	2.87660663	3.2850893	2.86999687	1.896004966
	modified ACO (Zhu & Wang, 2016)	2.63362583	2.7087012	2.03774092	0.682257146
	modified cuckoo search (Chakraborty, Chatterjee, Dey, et al., 2017)	2.40016767	2.55868281	2.68173452	4.203708965
	SuFMoFPA (Proposed)	2.26261551	4.06478279	3.24136536	2.00582908
$I_{016}$	robust modified GA (Shayeghi et al., 2007)	1.28057124	3.12410702	1.34990754	1.701904384
	modified PSO (Sedghi et al., 2013)	2.28967642	2.58036004	0.8950637	3.579965207
	modified ACO (Zhu & Wang, 2016)	1.54549966	1.48056375	2.75748805	2.750500444
	modified cuckoo search (Chakraborty, Chatterjee, Dey, et al., 2017)	2.3260119	3.24011433	2.72159848	2.787082695
	SuFMoFPA (Proposed)	2.9428701	2.31184632	4.4780755	2.140141906
$I_{017}$	robust modified GA (Shayeghi et al., 2007)	1.72957874	0.68293573	1.01932287	2.862744247
	modified PSO (Sedghi et al., 2013)	1.9693704	1.97936832	3.4024238	3.981022433
	modified ACO (Zhu & Wang, 2016)	0.98140635	1.01289196	1.85292021	0.920427273
	modified cuckoo search (Chakraborty, Chatterjee, Dey, et al., 2017)	3.87030128	4.23734844	2.24640752	0.643010075
	SuFMoFPA (Proposed)	0.0388915	3.02172489	1.61481739	1.876040136
$I_{018}$	robust modified GA (Shayeghi et al., 2007)	2.96208646	2.69070595	2.18238358	2.212471484
	modified PSO (Sedghi et al., 2013)	0.45375751	1.45264234	0.83294531	0.715728097
	modified ACO (Zhu & Wang, 2016)	1.31021766	1.89294933	1.98705276	2.449007895
	modified cuckoo search (Chakraborty, Chatterjee, Dey, et al., 2017)	2.69220643	3.57281612	3.06597316	3.088158888
	SuFMoFPA (Proposed)	2.83685521	4.85155301	2.27747269	2.745606669
Average	robust modified GA (Shayeghi et al., 2007)	1.392228	1.953287	2.508091	1.879283
	modified PSO (Sedghi et al., 2013)	1.838011	1.872875	2.185965	1.573213
	modified ACO (Zhu & Wang, 2016)	1.813528	1.734997	2.051701	2.291343
	modified cuckoo search (Chakraborty, Chatterjee, Dey, et al., 2017)	1.833804	1.819202	1.86698	2.422787
	SuFMoFPA (Proposed)	2.68384	2.691592	2.270533	2.167687