Table 1.
Characteristics of 69 Older African American Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and 38 HIV-Seronegative Adults (Controls)
| Characteristics | Controls (N = 38) | HIV (N = 69) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, N (%) | |||
| Male | 22 (57.9) | 35 (50.7) | .48 |
| Female | 16 (42.1) | 34 (49.3) | |
| Age (years), range | 60–78 | 60–82 | NA |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 66.0 (5.0) | 64.6 (4.4) | .15 |
| Ethnicity, N (%) | |||
| Hispanic or Latino | 2 (5.3) | 5 (7.3) | 1.00F |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 36 (94.7) | 64 (92.8) | |
| Education, N (%) | |||
| Less than high school | 2 (5.3) | 20 (29.0) | .001 |
| High school completion | 4 (10.5) | 18 (26.1) | |
| Some college/associate’s | 17 (44.7) | 17 (24.6) | |
| Bachelor’s degree or advanced degree | 15 (39.5) | 14 (20.3) | |
| Tobacco use, N (%) | |||
| Never | 20 (54.1) | 9 (13.0) | <.001 |
| Past | 8 (21.6) | 33 (47.8) | |
| Current | 9 (24.3) | 27 (39.1) | |
| Missing | |||
| Alcohol use, N (%) | |||
| Never | 3 (7.9) | 7 (10.1) | .15 |
| Past | 9 (23.7) | 28 (40.6) | |
| Current | 26 (68.4) | 34 (49.3) | |
| Illicit drug use, N (%) | |||
| Never | 15 (39.5) | 19 (27.5) | .30 |
| Past | 20 (52.6) | 39 (56.5) | |
| Current- | 3 (7.9) | 11 (15.9) | |
| BP systolic, mean (SD) | 132.8 (18.6) | 130.0 (16.1) | .43 |
| Missing | 4 | 7 | |
| BP diastolic, mean (SD) | 78.0 (13.1) | 78.8 (11.1) | .73 |
| Missing | 4 | 7 | |
| Waist-hip ratio, mean (SD) | 0.89 (0.08) | 0.93 (0.09) | .023 |
| BMI (kg/m2), range | 22.0 – 53.7 | 16.8 – 45.4 | |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 30.9 (6.2) | 28.5 (6.4) | .063 |
| HIV characteristics | |||
| Duration of infection (years), mean (SD) | 23.9 (6.9) | ||
| ART regimen class, N (%) | |||
| INSTI | 34 (49.3) | ||
| INSTI + PI/NNRTI | 15 (21.7) | ||
| NNRTI | 9 (13.0) | ||
| PI | 6 (8.7) | ||
| Other | 1 (5.8) | ||
| Unknown | 4 (1.5) | ||
| Adherence, N (%) | |||
| 100% | 45 (75.0) | ||
| 80–100% | 13 (21.7) | ||
| <80% | 2 (3.33) | ||
| Missing | 9 | ||
| Recent VL, N (%) | - | ||
| <50 | 54 (83.1) | ||
| 50–1000 | 8 (12.3) | ||
| ≥1000 | 3 (4.6) | ||
| Missing | 4 | ||
| Recent CD4, Mean (SD) | 706 (339) | ||
| Recent CD4 (cells/µL), N (%) | |||
| <200 | 4 (6.1) | ||
| ≥200 | 62 (93.9) | ||
| Missing | 3 | ||
| Nadir CD4 missing, N (%) | - | 24 | |
| Nadir CD4, mean (SD) | 180 (145) | ||
| AIDS, N (%) | |||
| Yes | 29 (44.6) | ||
| No | 36 (55.4) | ||
| Missing | 4 | ||
| DNA methylation-estimated cell type proportions | |||
| Proportion CD4 T cells, mean (SD) | 0.383 (0.09) | 0.231 (0.13) | <.001 |
| Proportion CD8 T cells, mean (SD) | 0.178 (0.05) | 0.347 (0.10) | <.001 |
| Proportion natural killer cells, mean (SD) | 0.108 (0.05) | 0.096 (0.01) | .32 |
| Proportion B cells, mean (SD) | 0.149 (0.06) | 0.137 (0.05) | .25 |
| Proportion monocytes, mean (SD) | 0.155 (0.07)) | 0.144 (0.07) | .44 |
| Proportion granulocytes, mean (SD) | 0.010 (0.02) | 0.006 (0.02) | .15 |
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; INSTI, integrase strand transfer inhibitor; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; PI, protease inhibitor; SD, standard deviation; VL, viral load.