Table 2.
Sleep symptoms (prevalence or mean) by derived sleep phenotypes from LCA solution, HCHS/SOL (2008–2011)
| Total (n = 1,605) |
Minimally symptomatic (n = 780) |
Excessive sleepiness (n = 248) |
Disturbed sleep (n = 577) |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sleep symptoms included in LCA† | |||||
| Dozing off while driving | 8.7 | 2.5 | 43.0 | 2.9 | 0.001 |
| Trouble falling asleep | 38.9 | 8.2 | 39.2 | 78.3 | 0.001 |
| Trouble going back to sleep | 33.1 | 6.0 | 36.7 | 65.8 | P < 0.001 |
| Wake up several times at night | 62.3 | 33.7 | 78.5 | 92.4 | P < 0.001 |
| Nap for more than 5 min | 49.1 | 42.7 | 61.7 | 52.2 | P < 0.001 |
| Restless sleep | 53.5 | 23.1 | 67.7 | 86.6 | P < 0.001 |
| Stop breathing | 26.3 | 18.6 | 46.7 | 28.0 | P < 0.001 |
| Snoring | 76.8 | 72.7 | 92.3 | 75.8 | P < 0.001 |
| Sleepy during day | 43.6 | 18.2 | 73.7 | 63.8 | P < 0.001 |
| Migraine | 11.4 | 6.3 | 16.2 | 16.1 | P < 0.001 |
| Dozing off while watching TV | 72.4 | 62.4 | 97.2 | 74.9 | P < 0.001 |
| Dozing off while car is still | 15.6 | 5.3 | 76.8 | 3.8 | P < 0.001 |
| Sound or restful sleep | 81.6 | 98.7 | 70.7 | 64.0 | P < 0.001 |
| Restless legs | 25.6 | 14.6 | 39.7 | 33.8 | P < 0.001 |
| ESS score* | 6.73 (5.65) | 4.39 (3.67) | 15.71 (4.53) | 6.03 (3.56) | P < 0.001 |
| Sleep variables not included in LCA* | |||||
| REI3% | 33.76 (22.53) | 31.40 (18.19) | 42.50 (30.28) | 33.40 (23.02) | P < 0.001 |
| REI4% | 26.42 (21.95) | 24.16 (17.62) | 36.05 (30.23) | 25.51 (21.93) | P < 0.001 |
| Minimum oxygen saturation (%) | 77.64 (8.43) | 77.84 (8.09) | 75.42 (9.94) | 78.24 (8.07) | 0.006 |
*Means and standard deviations are presented.
†% are presented.
P value: Pearson’s chi square test for continuous variables; Regression-based F test for categorical variables.
ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; LCA, latent class analysis; REI, respiratory event index.