Table 2.
Characteristics of the sample according to the history and presence at admission of depressive or extended adjustment disorders.
| No-disorder group N=1036 |
Remitted group N=325 |
Persistent group N=336 |
De novo group N=154 |
Significance | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (males), n (%) | 691 (66.7) | 152 (46.8) | 135 (40.2) | 115 (74.7) | Χ2=110.369; p < .001 |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 59.6 (17.1) | 61.4 (16.1) | 66.1 (15.3) | 65.5 (14.8) | Welch ANOVA F=17.986; p < .001 |
| History of chronic medical conditions (any) during the year prior to admission, n (%) | 822 (79.3) | 278 (85.5) | 303 (90.2) | 138 (89.6) | Χ2=28.596; p < .001 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 448 (43.2) | 169 (52.0) | 196 (58.3) | 90 (58.4) | Χ2=32.087; p < .001 |
| Type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 257 (24.8) | 68 (20.9) | 100 (29.8) | 55 (35.7) | Χ2=15.166; P=.002 |
| Arterial hypertension, n (%) | 375 (36.2) | 153 (47.1) | 172 (51.2) | 79 (51.3) | Χ2=34.852; p < .001 |
| Ischemic heart disease, n (%) | 173 (16.7) | 53 (16.3) | 64 (19.0) | 35 (22.7) | Χ2=4.237; P=.24 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 91 (8.8) | 37 (11.4) | 50 (14.9) | 30 (19.5) | Χ2=21.223; p < .001 |
| Chronic heart failure, n (%) | 63 (6.1) | 26 (8.0) | 31 (9.2) | 13 (8.4) | Χ2=4.681; P=.20 |
| Valvular disease, n (%) | 56 (5.4) | 30 (9.2) | 30 (8.9) | 14 (9.1) | Χ2=9.454; P=.02 |
| Chronic renal failure, n (%) | 140 (13.5) | 41 (12.6) | 65 (19.3) | 37 (24.0) | Χ2=17.660; p=.001 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%) | 108 (10.4) | 33 (10.2) | 39 (11.6) | 13 (8.4) | Χ2=1.177; p=.76 |
| Sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome, n (%) | 83 (8.0) | 29 (8.9) | 47 (14.0) | 19 (12.3) | Χ2=11.950; P=.008 |
| Pulmonary embolism/deep vein thrombosis, n (%) | 78 (7.5) | 15 (4.6) | 30 (8.9) | 22 (14.3) | Χ2=14.233; P=.003 |
| Bronchial asthma, n (%) | 58 (5.6) | 33 (10.2) | 44 (13.1) | 8 (5.2) | Χ2=24.237; p < .001 |
| Malignancies, including lymphoproliferative, n (%) | 112 (10.8) | 25 (7.7) | 41 (12.2) | 14 (9.1) | Χ2=4.208; P=.24 |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 48 (4.6) | 22 (6.8) | 38 (11.3) | 15 (9.7) | Χ2=20.930; p < .001 |
| Body Mass Index at admission (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 27.92 (5.15) | 27.93 (5.40) | 28.79 (6.69) | 28.31 (5.99) | ANOVA F = 1.222; p=.30 |
| Current smoking status, n (%) | 78 (7.5) | 22 (6.8) | 18 (5.4) | 10 (6.5) | Χ2=1.927; P=.59 |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation.
Patients were categorized into four groups according to the history and the presence at admission of a depressive or an extended adjustment disorder: 1) The “No-Disorder Group” included patients with no history or current diagnosis at admission of depressive or extended adjustment disorder); the “Remitted Group” included patients with positive history but no current diagnosis at admission); “Persistent Group” (patients with positive history and current diagnosis at admission); and “De Novo Group” (patients with no history but current diagnosis at admission of depressive or extended adjustment disorder).
Comparisons between groups were made using the Pearson's Χ2 for categorical variables and a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables. In case of non-homogeneity of variances, a Welch analysis was carried out.