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. 2021 Dec 10;11:23779. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-03159-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Box and violin plots depicting the relationship between psychopathic trait scores and contagious yawning. Participants that yawned contagiously scored significantly lower (*p < 0.05) on (a) the primary psychopathy scale of the LSRPS, (c) the psychopathy construct of the Dirty Dozen, and (d) the combined PPTS. There was no difference between yawners and non-yawners on (b) the secondary psychopathy scale of the LSRPS. Box plots represent the median, interquartile ranges, and the whiskers extend 1.5 times the interquartile range for the upper and lower boundary, while the violin plots illustrate the distribution of the psychopathy trait scores.