Table 2.

Log-binomial regression models of not drinking any tap water on a given day by survey cycle, race/ethnicity and socio-demographics, NHANES 2011–2018 among children/adolescents and adults

Independent variables	Adjusted prevalence ratio of not drinking tap water
	Children/adolescents		Adults
	Model 1	95 % CI	Model 2	95 % CI
Survey cycle
2011–2012	1·06	0·93, 1·21	0·95	0·86, 1·05
2013–2014	1		1
2015–2016	1·05	0·91, 1·21	1·02	0·91, 1·13
2017–2018	1·14*	0·98, 1·33	1·13**	1·01, 1·25
Race/ethnicity
NH White	1		1
NH Black	1·38***	1·22, 1·56	1·39***	1·31, 1·48
NH Asian	1·08	0·93, 1·26	0·99	0·92, 1·08
Hispanic	1·40***	1·25, 1·56	1·28***	1·19, 1·37
Other/mixed	1·08	0·91, 1·27	1·16**	1·02, 1·32
Age
†2–5 years/‡60+	1		1
6–11 years/20–39	0·95	0·89, 1·01	1·11***	1·05, 1·17
12–19 years/40–59	1·02	0·95, 1·09	1·14***	1·08, 1·20
Nativity status
Born in the USA	1		1
Born outside the USA	1·03	0·94, 1·14	1·09***	1·03, 1·15
Male	1		1
Female	1·02	0·95, 1·09	1·00	0·96, 1·04
§FIPR
> 350 %
≤ 130 %	1·14*	1·00, 1·30	1·15***	1·07, 1·24
131–350 %	1·08	0·96, 1·23	1·08**	1·02, 1·15
Education‡
College +	–		1
Less than high school	–		1·70***	1·55, 1·86
High school grad	–		1·62***	1·49, 1·76
Some college	–		1·45***	1·34, 1·57
HH reference education†
College +	1		–
Less than high school	1·49***	1·29, 1·72	–
High school grad/some college	1·41***	1·23, 1·61	–
Observations	10 254		17 829

NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; FIPR, federal income to poverty ratio.

95 % CI in parentheses. Data using day one 24-h dietary recall.

^†For children.

^‡For adults.

^§FIPR, household income for children.

^* P < 0·1.

^** P < 0·05.

^*** P < 0·01.