Table 3.

Log-binomial regression models of drinking any bottled water on a given day by survey cycle, race/ethnicity and socio-demographics, NHANES 2011–2018 among children/adolescents and adults

Independent variables	Adjusted prevalence ratio of drinking bottled water
	Children/adolescents		Adults
	Model 1	95 % CI	Model 2	95 % CI
Survey cycle
2011–2012	0·94	0·76, 1·16	0·87**	0·77, 1·00
2013–2014	1		1
2015–2016	1·03	0·91, 1·17	1·08	0·96, 1·21
2017–2018	1·26***	1·12, 1·41	1·25***	1·12, 1·40
Race/ethnicity
NH White	1		1
NH Black	1·20**	1·03, 1·40	1·56***	1·43, 1·69
NH Asian	1·27***	1·08, 1·50	1·14**	1·01, 1·28
Hispanic	1·55***	1·39, 1·73	1·50***	1·34, 1·67
Other/mixed	0·98	0·80, 1·19	1·25***	1·06, 1·47
Age
†2–5 years/‡60+	1		1
6–11 years/20–39	1·11*	0·99, 1·24	1·23***	1·13, 1·34
12–19 years/40–59	1·22***	1·11, 1·34	1·22***	1·12, 1·34
Nativity status
Born in the USA	1		1
Born outside the USA	1·09*	0·98, 1·22	1·26***	1·17, 1·36
Male	1		1
Female	1·17***	1·07, 1·27	1·16***	1·11, 1·22
§FIPR
> 350 %	1		1
≤ 130 %	0·89*	0·79, 1·00	0·90***	0·84, 0·96
131–350 %	0·87*	0·76, 1·00	0·93**	0·87, 0·99
Education‡
College +	–		1
Less than high school	–		1·33***	1·21, 1·46
High school grad	–		1·24***	1·13, 1·37
Some college	–		1·29***	1·20, 1·39
HH reference education†
College +	1		–
Less than high school	1·20*	0·99, 1·45	–
High school grad/some college	1·23**	1·05, 1·44	–
Observations	10 254		17 829

NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; FIPR, federal income to poverty ratio.

95 % CI in parentheses. Data using day one 24-h dietary recall.

^†For children.

^‡For adults.

^§FIPR, household income for children.

^* P < 0·1.

^** P < 0·05.

^*** P < 0·01.