Table 1c.
Pre- and post-ACA descriptive statistics among White and Black clients with Medicaid, by expansion status (2007–2013 and 2015–2018).
| Medicaid Insured Clients | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Expansion states |
Non-Expansion states |
||||||||
| NH-White clients |
NH-Black clients |
NH-White clients |
NH-Black clients |
||||||
| Pre-ACA |
Post-ACA |
Pre-ACA |
Post-ACA |
Pre-ACA |
Post-ACA |
Pre-ACA |
Post-ACA |
||
|
N = 18,946 |
N = 66,049 |
N = 10,555 |
N = 28,386 |
N = 12,235 |
N = 8346 |
N = 1033 |
N = 1014 |
||
|
| |||||||||
| Gender | Male | 43.59% | 49.92% | 54.45% | 62.35% | 31.72% | 28.66% | 30.59% | 31.76% |
| Age at admission | 18–20 yr | 8.15% | 2.15% | 0.58% | 0.76% | 8.44% | 4.29% | 4.07% | 1.48% |
| 21–24 yr | 21.10% | 10.23% | 1.53% | 4.25% | 20.02% | 11.61% | 13.07% | 8.68% | |
| 25–29 yr | 26.27% | 24.65% | 2.94% | 9.56% | 27.79% | 24.53% | 22.46% | 22.68% | |
| 30–34 yr | 17.00% | 22.24% | 4.28% | 7.96% | 17.81% | 22.54% | 17.72% | 22.39% | |
| 35–39 yr | 9.51% | 14.92% | 11.62% | 6.13% | 9.65% | 15.17% | 11.42% | 14.50% | |
| 40–44 yr | 7.06% | 8.53% | 20.67% | 8.86% | 6.03% | 8.39% | 7.55% | 9.57% | |
| 45–49 yr | 4.98% | 6.81% | 23.10% | 18.46% | 4.91% | 4.88% | 5.03% | 5.33% | |
| 50–54 yr | 3.69% | 5.46% | 19.26% | 20.92% | 3.08% | 4.07% | 7.65% | 5.33% | |
| 55–64 yr | 2.22% | 5.00% | 16.01% | 23.11% | 2.26% | 4.53% | 11.04% | 10.06% | |
| Referral source | Individual (self-referral) | 67.93% | 66.74% | 37.96% | 70.93% | 59.10% | 57.90% | 60.41% | 65.38% |
| Alcohol/drug use care provider | 5.86% | 3.95% | 5.89% | 4.21% | 6.02% | 4.49% | 6.10% | 2.37% | |
| Other health care provider | 7.64% | 3.83% | 43.69% | 3.47% | 14.16% | 11.54% | 8.03% | 12.23% | |
| School | 0.08% | 0.02% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.07% | 0.10% | 0.10% | 0.10% | |
| Employer | 0.03% | 0.06% | 0.01% | 0.04% | 0.07% | 0.18% | 0.10% | 0.10% | |
| Other community referral | 9.71% | 14.25% | 7.65% | 14.68% | 9.89% | 9.06% | 12.88% | 7.79% | |
| Criminal justice referral | 8.75% | 11.16% | 4.79% | 6.67% | 10.68% | 16.74% | 12.39% | 12.03% | |
| Heroin reported at admission | 61.21% | 69.98% | 95.12% | 85.51% | 22.05% | 39.95% | 56.63% | 54.73% | |
| Polysubstance use | 14.41% | 10.01% | 12.00% | 8.17% | 18.81% | 20.61% | 17.91% | 16.77% | |
| Homeless | 7.61% | 6.04% | 6.58% | 7.66% | 4.48% | 7.06% | 7.26% | 7.50% | |
| Admission setting | Inpatient rehab | 7.84% | 5.93% | 7.66% | 5.50% | 13.67% | 19.08% | 20.52% | 18.34% |
| Detox | 38.06% | 8.94% | 12.12% | 5.33% | 16.18% | 10.26% | 20.23% | 19.23% | |
| Ambulatory | 54.10% | 85.13% | 80.23% | 89.17% | 70.15% | 70.67% | 59.24% | 62.43% | |
| Education | Less than high school | 15.68% | 5.14% | 6.69% | 4.15% | 6.13% | 4.80% | 5.13% | 4.44% |
| Some high school education | 12.89% | 19.70% | 37.60% | 33.03% | 28.57% | 22.93% | 34.66% | 28.80% | |
| High school education (or GED) | 48.24% | 59.88% | 39.93% | 53.21% | 45.50% | 47.99% | 40.56% | 42.31% | |
| Some college | 19.63% | 6.31% | 13.91% | 2.18% | 17.33% | 21.29% | 18.01% | 21.60% | |
| College graduate + | 3.55% | 8.97% | 1.87% | 7.43% | 2.47% | 2.98% | 1.65% | 2.86% | |
| Rural | 10.16% | 68.18% | 3.28% | 81.66% | 23.23% | 47.20% | 10.07% | 32.35% | |
| Census division | New England | 49.23% | 8.35% | 4.11% | 1.55% | 49.07% | 22.80% | 6.58% | 2.17% |
| Middle Atlantic | 18.27% | 10.66% | 19.45% | 12.39% | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
| East North Central | 18.95% | 0.19% | 66.73% | 0.44% | 1.84% | 5.34% | 0.97% | 2.27% | |
| West North Central | 0.14% | 0.02% | 0.02% | 0.00% | 21.53% | 22.60% | 55.47% | 55.13% | |
| South Atlantic | 4.33% | 66.12% | 8.92% | 84.17% | 9.78% | 0.08% | 9.58% | 0.00% | |
| East South Central | 4.19% | 11.26% | 0.27% | 0.98% | 5.66% | 26.66% | 5.81% | 23.57% | |
| West South Central | 3.16% | 3.04% | 0.43% | 0.44% | 10.13% | 16.75% | 21.49% | 15.78% | |
| Mountain | 1.73% | 0.36% | 0.08% | 0.02% | 1.99% | 5.76% | 0.10% | 1.08% | |