Table 2.

Differences in MOUD use before (2008–2013) and after (2015–2018) ACA implementation by subgroup and race.

	All Clients
	Expansion				Non-expansion
	NH-White clients		NH-Black clients		NH-White clients		NH-Black Clients
	Pre-ACA	Post-ACA	Pre-ACA	Post-ACA	Pre-ACA	Post-ACA	Pre-ACA	Post-ACA
Total episodes	288,657	219,846	52,926	47,793	157,236	94,135	9583	7934
Total MOUD episodes	96,903	112,876	19,135	29,462	22,676	9950	1135	868
% with MOUD	33.57%	51.34%***	36.16%	61.65%***	14.42%	10.57%***	11.84%	10.94%
	Criminal justice referral
	NH-White clients		NH-Black clients		NH-White clients		NH-Black clients
	Pre-ACA	Post-ACA	Pre-ACA	Post-ACA	Pre-ACA	Post-ACA	Pre-ACA	Post-ACA
Total episodes	50,840	33,081	9075	4984	26,428	17,458	1873	1541
Total MOUD episodes	2636	3506	630	604	2636	3506	16	14
% with MOUD	4.53%	12.24%***	6.94%	12.12%***	2.70%	2.70%	0.85%	0.91%
	Medicaid
	NH-White clients		NH-Black clients		NH-White clients		NH-Black clients
	Pre-ACA	Post-ACA	Pre-ACA	Post-ACA	Pre-ACA	Post-ACA	Pre-ACA	Post-ACA
Total episodes	18,946	66,049	10,555	28,386	12,235	8346	1033	1014
Total MOUD episodes	6220	39,524	2854	18,415	4403	2318	270	257
% with MOUD	32.83%	59.84%***	27.04%	64.87%***	35.99%	27.77%***	26.14%	25.35%

Notes.

^***Indicates significant differences at p < 0.001.