Table 3.

Difference in odds of MOUD use between White and Black clients in expansion vs. non-expansion states by subgroup.

Reference population: White clients, pre-ACA	All				Criminal justice referral				Medicaid
	Expansion states		Non-expansion states		Expansion states		Non-expan states		Expansion states		Non-expansion states
	aOR	99% CI	aOR	99% CI	aOR	99% CI	aOR	99% CI	aOR	99% CI	aOR	99% CI
Black clients, pre-ACA	0.88***	0.85, 0.91	0.86***	0.77, 0.95	1 21***	1.06, 1.38	0.38***	0.19, 0.74	0.56***	0.50, 0.63	1 79***	1.38, 2.33
White clients, post-ACA	1.33***	1.29, 1.39	1.07	0.98, 1.16	1.89***	1.64, 2.17	0.93	0.65, 1.33	1.13**	1.01, 1.27	0.91	0.72, 1.15
Black clients, post-ACA	1.16***	1.10, 1.22	1.13	0.99, 1.30	1.69***	1.41, 2.04	0.43***	0.20, 0.93	0 73***	0.64, 0.83	1.51**	1.09, 2.10
Difference in odds ratios (Black#post-ACA)	0.98	0.94, 1.03	1 24***	1.07, 1.44	0.74***	0.62, 0.89	1.21	0.46, 3.19	1.16***	1.03, 1.30	0.93	0.72, 1.15

Notes: We adjusted regressions for census region-fixed effects and episode level characteristics like gender, age group, homelessness, educational attainment, service setting, polysubstance use, heroin use, and referral source.

^***Indicates significant change at p < 0.001.

^**Indicates significant change at p < 0.01.