Table 3.

Mean fluorescence intensity I′ detected per cell after t = 48 h incubation at C′_CNDs = 400 μg mL⁻¹, corresponding to the last time point in Fig. 3.

	Serum-supplemented medium			Serum-free medium
	HeLa	THP-1		HeLa	THP-1
	Flow cytometry	Flow cytometry	Confocal microscopy	Flow cytometry	Flow cytometry	Confocal microscopy
I′(R-CNDs) (a.u.)	798	480	30.2	971	492	46.4
I′(S-CNDs) (a.u.)	907	601	61.3	1065	654	112.5
I′(N-CNDs) (a.u.)	381	455	14.2	378	149	21.5
〈I′〉	695	512	35.2	805	432	60.1
ΔI′(R-CNDs) 〈I′〉–1	0.15	−0.06	−0.14	0.21	0.14	−0.23
ΔI′(S-CNDs) 〈I′〉–1	0.30	0.17	0.74	0.32	0.52	0.87
ΔI′(N-CNDs) 〈I′〉–1	−0.45	−0.11	−0.60	−0.53	−0.65	−0.64
ΔI′(S-CNDs) 〈I′〉–1 – ΔI′(R-CNDs) 〈I′〉–1	0.16	0.24	0.88	0.12	0.38	1.10

The full tables are provided in the Supplementary Information (Supplementary Tables 6–8). For all three types of CNDs the mean value for each incubation condition is given as 〈I′〉 = (I′(R-CNDs) + I′(S-CNDs) + I′(N-CNDs)) 3^–1. Deviations are calculated as ΔI′(j) = (I′(j) − 〈I′〉)〈I′〉^–1 (j = R-CND, S-CND, N-CND). ΔI′〈I′〉^–1 = ΔI′(S-CNDs) 〈I′〉^–1 − ΔI′(R-CNDs) 〈I′〉^–1 tells the relative difference in fluorescence intensity per cell between S-CNDs and R-CNDs.