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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Oct 21.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Nephrol. 2021 Oct 21;52(10-11):837–844. doi: 10.1159/000519491

Figure 1. Chronic Kidney Disease and Uric acid: Subpopulations to Consider for Clinical Trials.

Figure 1.

We do not recommend uric acid lowering treatment for normouricemic subjects with CKD, that includes the majority of type 1 diabetic subjects (yellow blocked section) based on the results of the CKD-FIX and PERL studies. This also includes many subjects with CKD who may have hypertension or proteinuria. However, there are certain subsets of CKD for which we would recommend clinical trials (brown boxes). This would include subjects with gout, subjects with hyperuricemia (especially those with type 2 diabetes or those with high plasma xanthine oxidase levels), and those relatively unique normouricemic subjects with untreated gout, high plasma XO levels, or with evidence of urate crystalluria (with low urine pH or high fractional excretion of uric acid).