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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Psychiatr Res. 2021 Oct 19;144:296–303. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.10.014

Table 3.

Mediation model statistics for effects of negative emotional responses to social media on clinical outcomes, via sleep disturbance

Outcome Variable: Sleep Disturbance (a-path) b SE p 95% CI
  Intercept 23.32 5.13 <.001 [13.22, 33.43]
  Negative Emotional Responses to SM 2.00 0.55 <.001 [0.93, 3.08]
  SM Hours −0.26 0.15 .086 [−0.57, 0.37]
  Gender: Male −3.42 1.13 .003 [−5.64, −1.21]
  Gender: Other 2.71 1.35 .046 [0.04, 5.37]
  Race: Black 1.86 1.57 .238 [−1.24, 4.96]
  Race: Other 0.29 1.35 .832 [−2.38, 2.95]
  Ethnicity: Hispanic −2.05 1.10 .063 [−4.22, 0.11]
  Age 0.16 0.31 .616 [−0.45, 0.77]
Outcome Variables: Clinical Outcomes (b-paths)
Outcome: Suicidal Ideation
  Intercept 1.42 1.05 .178 [−0.65, 3.51]
  Sleep Disturbance 0.06 0.01 <.001 [0.04, 0.09]
  Negative Emotional Responses to SM 0.54 0.11 <.001 [0.33, 0.76]
  SM Hours 0.01 0.03 .831 [−0.05, 0.07]
  Gender: Male −0.69 0.23 .002 [−1.14, −0.25]
  Gender: Other 0.51 0.27 .057 [−0.02, 1.04]
  Race: Black −0.64 0.31 .040 [−1.25, −0.03]
  Race: Other −0.15 0.27 .575 [−0.67, 0.38]
  Ethnicity: Hispanic 0.12 0.22 .578 [−0.31, 0.55]
  Age −0.07 0.06 .242 [−0.19, 0.05]
 Bootstrapped Indirect Effect (ab-path) 0.12 0.04 -- [0.05, 0.22]
Outcome: Internalizing Symptoms
  Intercept 2.85 1.61 .078 [−0.32, 6.02]
  Sleep Disturbance 0.11 0.02 <.001 [0.08, 0.15]
  Negative Emotional Responses to SM 0.98 0.17 <.001 [0.65, 1.31]
  SM Hours 0.00 0.05 .936 [−0.09, 0.09]
  Gender: Male −1.35 0.35 <.001 [−2.03, −0.67]
  Gender: Other 0.18 0.41 .659 [−0.63, 0.99]
  Race: Black −0.84 0.47 .078 [−1.77, 0.10]
  Race: Other −0.05 0.41 .906 [−0.85, 0.75]
  Ethnicity: Hispanic −0.23 0.33 .486 [−0.89, 0.42]
  Age −0.02 0.09 .846 [−0.20, 1.66]
 Bootstrapped Indirect Effect (ab-path) 0.23 0.08 -- [0.10, 0.40]
Outcome: Attention Problems
  Intercept 6.58 1.46 <.001 [3.70, 9.47]
  Sleep Disturbance 0.10 0.02 <.001 [0.07, 0.20]
  Negative Emotional Responses to SM 0.21 0.02 .174 [−0.09, 0.51]
  SM Hours −0.01 0.04 .786 [−0.07, 0.24]
  Gender: Male −0.43 0.31 .171 [−1.05, 0.19]
  Gender: Other 0.57 0.37 .128 [−0.16, 1.30]
  Race: Black −1.08 0.43 .013 [−1.93, −0.24]
  Race: Other −0.13 0.37 .719 [−0.861, 0.595]
  Ethnicity: Hispanic −0.13 0.30 .676 [−0.72, 0.47]
  Age −0.23 0.08 .008 [−0.39, −0.06]
 Bootstrapped Indirect Effect (ab-path) 0.20 0.07 -- [0.08, 0.35]

Note. SM = social media. Confidence intervals that do not contain zero are considered significant. Total R2 for models for Suicidal Ideation l = 0.15, p <.001; for Internalizing Symptoms = 0.39, p <.001; for Attention Problems = 0.15, p < .001.