Table 2a.
Participant characteristics by LTBI status
| All participants (n=400) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LTBI positive*
n=143 |
LTBI negative n=257 |
RR† (95% CI) | p | |
| n (%) or median (IQR) | n (%) or median (IQR) | |||
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||
| Age, yrs | 26 (22–30) | 25 (21–28) | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) | 0.068 |
| Gestational age, wks | 28 (24–30) | 28 (24–30) | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) | 0.892 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.1 (22.2–27.5) | 24 (22.3–27.3) | 1.00 (0.96–1.03) | 0.721 |
| MUAC, cm | 26 (25–28) | 26 (24.8–28) | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | 0.979 |
| Education, yrs | 9 (8–11) | 10 (8–12) | 0.95 (0.92–0.99) | 0.006 § |
| Employed | 78 (54.6) | 131 (51.0) | 1.10 (0.84–1.43) | 0.494 |
| Residential characteristics | ||||
| Running water in home | 63 (44.1) | 122 (47.5) | 0.92 (0.70–1.19) | 0.513 |
| Electricity in home | 93 (65.0) | 162 (63.0) | 1.06 (0.80–1.40) | 0.692 |
| Pit latrine use | 136 (95.1) | 241 (93.8) | 1.19 (0.63–2.23) | 0.599 |
| Persons in household | 3 (3–5) | 4 (3–5) | 1.03 (0.95–1.12) | 0.475 |
| Single room household | 28 (19.6) | 62 (24.1) | 0.84 (0.60–1.18) | 0.311 |
| TB history, symptoms, exposures | ||||
| Previous TB | 3 (2.1) | 0 | 2.84 (2.48–3.24) | <0.001 § |
| WHO TB symptom past month ‡ | 6 (4.2) | 10 (3.9) | 1.05 (0.55–2.01) | 0.880 |
| Household WHO TB symptom | 4 (2.8) | 9 (3.5) | 0.86 (0.37–1.96) | 0.714 |
| TB exposure past 2 yrs | 2 (1.4) | 2 (0.8) | 1.40 (0.52–3.78) | 0.502 |
| HIV (n=200) | 74 (51.8) | 126 (49.0) | 1.07 (0.82–1.40) | 0.603 |
Abbreviations: LTBI, latent tuberculosis infection; IQR, interquartile range; RR, relative risk; yrs, years; wks, weeks; BMI, body mass index; MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference; TB, tuberculosis; WHO, World Health Organization; ART, antiretroviral therapy; IPT, isoniazid preventive therapy
*
LTBI defined as TST or QFT positive, where TST positive ≥5mm for WLHIV and ≥10mm for HIV negative women
†
Relative risk (RR) estimated using a generalized linear model (GLM) with log link and Poisson family
‡
WHO TB symptoms: fever, cough, weight loss, night sweats
§
Remained statistically significant in multivariable models adjusting for education, previous TB, and HIV status (data not shown)