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Measured and simulated transport of PFOA in unsaturated sand (Sw = 0.45; 1.5 mM NaCl solution; input concentration = 6.8 μg/L). Measured data from Lyu et al., 2020. Simulations produced with the model of Brusseau (2020). AWIA was measured or estimated using the methods discussed in the main text. ITT is the interfacial tracer test method; XMT is the x-ray microtomography method; Thermo is the thermodynamic estimation method.
