Table 2.

Evaluation of spinal fusion status 12 weeks after surgery with manual palpation and X-ray.

	BCP-control	BCP-micro	BCP-nano
Manual palpation (n/N) *	11/16	13/16	14/16
Manual palpation score	1.38 ± 0.42	1.52 ± 0.51	1.88 ± 0.37
X-ray evaluation (n/N)	10/16	12/16	14/16
X-ray score	4.0 ± 0.85	4.3 ± 0.92	4.7 ± 1.01
Fusion efficiency	68.8%	81.2%	87.5%

Note: N represented the number of evaluated samples, n represented the number of fused samples.