Table 1.

Summary of inclusion and exclusion criteria

		Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
P	Populations/participants	Adults and/or children who use AI chatbots for PA, diet, and/or weight management	None
I	Interventions	Constraineda and/or unconstrainedb text and/or speech-based AI chatbots operating as standalone software or via a web browser or mobile application	Chatbots that are part of virtual reality, augmented reality, embodied agents, and/or therapeutic robots
C	Comparators	With or without a usual care groupc, comparison group, or an attention control group	None
O	Outcome(s)	Main outcomes: Changes in self-reported and/or objectively measured PA, sedentary behavior, diet, and/or body weight Secondary outcomes: Feasibility, acceptability, safety (e.g., adverse events, injury), and/or user satisfaction of chatbots if available	Studies that report only chatbot infrastructure or algorithm designs
S	Study designs/types	Randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies	Qualitative studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, or cohort studies

AI artificial intelligence, PA physical activity

^a Users can only respond by selecting predefined conversational lines

^b Users can respond freely by inputting natural conversational lines

^c Usual care group refers to the research group where individuals receive routine care from health care providers